Argumentation
Who invented rhetoric?
Aristotle
Define what a logical fallacy is
an error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid
What fallacy is this? - If emotional support dogs are allowed on campus, what’s going to stop students from trying to bring emotional support horses, snakes, or scorpions?
slippery slope
Name the four parts of a counterargument
"they say," counterargument, transition back to "I say," rebuttal
How many reindeer does santa use to pull his sleigh (in most depictions)?
9: Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet, Cupid, Donner, Blitzen, and Rudolph
Name the three rhetorical appeals
Ethos, Pathos, Logos
describe an appeal to authority fallacy
the arguer claims an authority figure’s expertise to support a claim despite this expertise being irrelevant or overstated
What fallacy is this? - It’s okay to cheat on exams because everybody does it
bandwagon fallacy
explain "they say"
introduce the speaker and make it clear that
they are on the other side of the issue (doesn't include their argument yet)
What is the technical term for a group of crows?
a murder
What does Logos appeal to?
logic
describe an appeal to ignorance fallacy
a claim that something must be true because it hasn’t been proven false
What fallacy is this? - You're either with us, or against us
false dilemma / false dichotomy
explain the "counterargument"
Paraphrase the opposing view in a way that is
accurate and respectful. Use neutral language
to present their ideas, without belittling them
or committing a “straw man” fallacy.
Which British monarch made Christmas trees fashionable in the Western world?
Queen Victoria, due to her husband Prince Albert's German heritage
What does Pathos appeal to?
emotions
describe an ad hominem fallacy
attempts to invalidate an opponent’s position based on a personal trait or fact about the opponent rather than through logic
What fallacy is this? - When ice cream sales are up, so are shark attacks. Therefore, buying ice cream increases your risk of being bitten by a shark.
causal fallacy
explain the "transition back to 'I say'"
make sure that your reader can tell it is you talking again. Offer a concession by acknowledging the
strength in your opponents’ argument. "Yes, but..."
Where are we going to celebrate after the final?
Monkey Business Cafe
What does Ethos appeal to?
credibility
Why is a "red herring" fallacy named that?
herrings are silver, so a red one would stand out and distract the viewer from the rest of the normal herrings
What fallacy is this? - John claims he's an exceptional teacher as he helped six students get into their dream schools. He fails to mention that in a classroom of 30 students, those six were the only ones that passed their entrance exams
Texas sharpshooter fallacy
explain the "rebuttal"
The rebuttal is your response to the counter
argument. Specifically addressing the objection of the naysayer, offer good reasons for the reader to side with you.
How old is Hannah?
22