Patho - Final Review

Musculoskeletal

100

What is Gout?

Deposits of uric acid that form a tophus (crystals) on the affected joint

200

Name the types of fractures 

300

What is compartment syndrome 

Its always a medical emergency! 

A painful and dangerous condition caused by pressure buildup from internal bleeding or swelling of tissues.

400

Explain the difference in 

Osteoporosis

Osteoarthritis

Osteomyelitis

Osteoporosis - Damage to bones

Osteoarthritis  Damage to joints

Osteomyelitis  Bone infection 

500

Explain Rheumatoid Arthritis  

Autoimmune disorder 

Causes exacerbations and remissions of synovitis, cartilage destruction and erosion, ending with fibrosis and calcification and ankylosis

My patient presents with

100

cloudy urine

systemic or local infection?

UTI!

local, does not become systemic until fever 

200

If my patient comes to the clinic with 

Rapid heart rate

weight loss

enlarged thyroid

heat intolerance 

budging eyes

I am concerned for... 

Hyperthyroidism

Graves disease 

300

poor skin turgor

tachy

low urine output 

confusion 

low blood pressure 

 

dehydrated!

400

facial droop 

slurred speech 

confusion 

is it ischemic or hemorrhagic? 

risk factors 

500

Your patient presents with 

air trapping 

barrel chest

clubbing of the fingers

shortness of breath 

Productive cough

You are concerned for 

COPD 

Diabetes

100

What is the diabetes insipidus 

no production of the antidiuretic hormone from the hypothalamus 

200

Signs and Symptoms of HYPERglycemia 

300

Signs and Symptoms of HYPOglycemia 

400

What are Kussmaul respirations 

extreme labored breathing in effort to rid body of Carbon Dioxide (acid) 

associated with fruity acetone breath 

500

Explain Diabetic Ketoacidosis 

sugar is too high/uncontrolled

no insulin to help absorb glucose

body uses fat for energy

fat breakdown/biproduct is ketones

Ketones build in blood - altering PH to Acidosis 

All things failures

100

leading causes of kidney failure 

diabetes

hypertension

Heart disease 

Long term NSAID use

 

200

Left sided heart failure S/S

300

Failure to produce growth hormone causes 

Dwarfism 

400

how do you know if your patient has Steatorrhea or constipation  

Steatorrhea - fatty, foul smelling, white stools

constipation- more than 3 days 

how do you get it?  

500

Phases of infection 

More Randomness

100

What is the name of the firefighter Jackson dates in Grey Anatomy? 

bonus if you know the station number 

VIC (Victoria) 

Station 19 

200

Describe the roll of histamine 

increases capillary permeability 

vasodilates 

increases heart rate 

bronchoconstriction 

anything allergy related (itchy eyes/runny nose)

300

What is atelectasis 

VS 

pulmonary edema 

VS 

pneumonia 

COLAPSE of alveoli 

fluid inside from fluid shift is pulmonary edema

mucus from infection is pneumonia 

400

types of anemia 

Iron deficiency 

Pernicious anemia (autoimmune b12 deficiency) 

Sickle cell (genetic - abnormal shapes)

Aplastic (bone marrow impaired) 

500

Normal lab values for 

blood pH 

Sodium (Na)

Potassium (K)

Chloride (Cl) 

Calcium (Ca)

blood ph - 7.35-7.45