Tenses
What auxiliary verb is used to make negative sentences and questions in the past simple tense?
DID
When do we use comparative adjectives?
When we compare two things (people, places, objects, etc).
How do we form passive sentences?
BE + past participle
When do we use the zero conditional?
What modal verbs are used to express ability?
can and could
Report the statement.
'I don't want to go,' said Ruben.
Ruben said that he didn't want to go.
Complete the sentence with the present simple and/or present continuous.
She usually _________ (have) her extracurricular activities at 4 p.m. on weekdays. She _________ (take) guitar lessons right now.
She usually has her extracurricular activities at 4 p.m. on weekdays. She is taking guitar lessons right now.
Complete the sentence with a comparative or superlative adjective.
China is _______ (old) than India.
China is older than India.
Change the sentence from active to passive.
In the past, parents hit their children with a belt when they misbehaved.
--> In the past, children _______ by their parents with a belt when they misbehaved.
In the past, children were hit by their parents with a belt when they misbehaved.
Identify the conditional used in the sentence.
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We use must and have to to express...
obligation
'Carlota came the other day', said my grandmother.
My grandmother said that Carlota had come the other day.
Choose the correct option.
I think we ______ flying cars in 50 years.
a) will drive
b) are going to drive
c) are driving
I think we will drive flying cars in 50 years.
Complete the sentence with a comparative or superlative adjective.
Mexico City is one of __________ (large) cities in the world.
Mexico City is one of the largest cities in the world.
Change the sentence from the passive to the active.
Millions of songs are streamed every day.
--> People _______ millions of songs every day.
People stream millions of songs every day.
How do we form the second conditional?
If + past tense, would + verb
Which of the following structures is NOT to used to give advice?
a) If I were you, I'd...
b) You don't have to...
c) You ought to...
d) You could...
b) You don't have to...
'She always looks great', Maria's friends say.
Maria's friends say that she always looks great.
Complete the sentence with the present perfect form of the verb in parentheses.
Marina ______ (buy) more than one hundred designer bags.
Marina has bought more than one hundred designer bags.
What do we add to short and long adjectives to form a comparative? Give an example of each.
We add -er to short adjectives and more to long adjectives.
Examples: cleaner, more popular
Complete the sentence with the present perfect passive.
Tons of food _______ (waste) in that restaurant. I hope they do something about it.
Tons of food has been wasted in that restaurant. I hope they do something about it.
Use the third conditional to complete the sentence.
Maria _________ (could, see) the Van Gogh Museum if she ______ (visit) Amsterdam with us.
Complete with the appropriate modal verb.
When writing a message to your friends, you _______ be formal.
a) mustn't
b) don't have to
b) don't have to
"Where's Tom?", my mom asked me.
My mom asked me where Tom was.
Complete the sentence using the past simple and past continuous of the verbs in parenthesis.
My boyfriend __________ (finish) all the fries while I ___________ (talk).
My boyfriend finished all the fries while I was talking.
Choose the correct alternative.
Costa Rica is _________ country in Latin America.
a) the friendliest
b) the most friendly
Costa Rica is the friendliest country in Latin America.
Change the sentence from the active to the passive.
The authorities must catch the thief before he sells our stuff.
The thief must be caught (by the authorities) before he sells our stuff.
Complete the sentence with the appropriate conditional.
Johan ______ (dance) when he hears music.
Explain the intention behind the statement.
You mustn't tell lies at church.
Name at least three changes we make to the original statements/questions when we report them.
1. Do backshifting (go back a tense)
2. Change the pronouns
3. Change the time and location expressions
4. Follow sentence structure in reported questions
5. Add if when reporting Yes/No questions
6. Remove the auxiliary do/does/did in questions