Cardiac
when educating clients about heart healthy diets what should the nurse include?
avoid salt and salt alternatives (high in K)
low fat diet - help reduce cholesterol
monitor fluid intake
A COPD patient receiving steroids should monitor for which side effects? please list
Hyperglycemia
immunosuppressant
mood changes
osteoporosis
insomnia
weight gain
what is the difference between type one and type two diabetes?
One - no insulin
Two - improper amount of insulin
How should the nurse educate a patient newly started on anti seizure mediations to take their medication? What happens if they miss a dose?
Take it as soon as possible within reason
never double up
skip the dose if it is too close to the next dose
never stop abruptly
What is the antidote for heparin? Coumadin?
Coumadin - Vitamin K
Which medication is given to heart failure patients to increase heart contractions?
Digoxin (Lanoxin) - cardiac glycoside
dig increases contractility, improves cardiac output and slows down the heart rate
S/A - anorexia, bradycardia, vision changes/N/V (signs of toxicity), monitor dig level
A client prescribed two inhalers for the treatment of asthma should be instructed to take which inhaler first?
bronchodilator
When drawing up two medication in the same syringe, which do you draw up first?
Regular then NPH
(clear then cloudy) - you can see bubbles in the first
which anti seizure medication is safe during pregnancy?
Keppra - Levetiracetam
A client prescribed lovenox at home for the treatment of PE requires self administration education. What should the nurse include?
Subq areas
rotate
expect bruising
leave bubble in syringe
Which medications do you want to avoid if you have a upper respiratory condition?
Beta blockers?
metoprolol, labetolol, propranolol
What are some Side effects of albuterol?
A patient is due for morning insulin prior to going for surgery, why should the nurse question this
Increase risk of hypoglycemia
why does valporic acid have a black box warning?
toxic to the liver
also unsafe for pregnancy
what is the INR range? what does it mean if it is high? what does it mean when it is low?
2-3
high - no clotting, patient can bleed out ?Vitamin K
Low - at risk of developing clot
What is atorvastatin? what are some nursing considerations?
lower cholesterol
best given at night time, Why?
monitor liver function
Avoid grape fruit juice
What should you avoid while taking theophylline?
Avoid caffeine - increase side affects of theophylline
tachy, restless, insomnia
When should the nurse expect to take a patients blood sugar?
30 mins prior to meals, before bed, anytime you are concerned about high/low blood sugar
which medication is the antidote to benzodiazepines?
Flumazenil
what are the risks of using this medication?
What does a thrombolytic do? what type of patients would be given this drug?
clot buster
Stroke
MI
Severe PE/DVT
Monitor vital signs - hypotension
strict I&Os- hat, urinal, foley
if IV push - push over 2 minutes to avoid ringing in the ears
This inhaler has anticholinergic effects and the nurse should monitor of s/s such as:
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
cant's
what do we give a patient with a blood sugar of 40?
Alert - juice, crackers, glucose tabs
lethargic - amp of D50, D5W infusion
recheck blood sugar and repeat treatment until improved patient condition and blood sugar rises
What are some seizure precautions? Why?
remove non essential items from the room, turn on side, maintain airway
rectal bleeding/blood in stool/blood in urine
new onset of confusion
abnormal bleeding from IV sites or injection sites
drop in blood pressure/tachycardia
Abdominal pain or tenderness