Atomic Structure & Periodic Table
What is the charge of a proton?
+1
What is the formula for speed?
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
What are the base pairs for DNA?
A-T
G-C
What do fossils tell us?
Clues about past life and environments
Which planets are considered inner planets?
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
Where are electrons found in an atom?
Electron cloud
What is the difference between velocity and speed?
Velocity includes direction
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is natural selection?
The process where organisms better suited to their environment survive and reproduce
What is the difference between heliocentric and geocentric models?
Heliocentric = Sun-centered; Geocentric = Earth-centered
What are the vertical columns on the periodic table called?
Groups
What force slows down objects and produces heat?
Friction
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype = genes; Phenotype = physical traits
What are homologous structures?
Body parts that are similar in structure but different in function
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
How many protons are in a nitrogen atom (atomic number 7)?
7
Which of Newton’s laws explains why you move backward when you push on a wall?
3rd Law
What is a Punnett Square used for?
Predicting genetic traits in offspring
Who created the classification system still used today?
Carolus Linnaeus
What happens when DNA changes an amino acid?
It can change the protein formed—called a mutation
How does the modern electron model differ from earlier models?
Electrons move in clouds, not fixed orbits
What is the difference between contact and non-contact forces?
Contact = physical touch, Non-contact = at a distance like gravity
How is RNA different from DNA?
RNA has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T), single-stranded
What is the order of classification?
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Why is antibiotic resistance harmful?
Bacteria survive and become harder to treat