Organs
insulin
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is secreted by _____________ cells
parietal
Gas transport is the process of carrying gases from
the alveoli to the systemic tissues and vice versa
Functions of the digestive system
processes food, extracts nutrients, and eliminates the residue (these are all true)
Anatomical position
arms at sides, standing erect, face and eyes facing forward, feet flat on the floor, palms facing anteriorly
By the end of 8 weeks, the individual is considered a fetus because _________________.
all of the organ systems are present
Natural killer cells release a protein called ________, which create a hole in the enemy cell membrane
perforins
The systemic circuit contains what type of blood
oxygen-rich and deoxygenated
Both divisions of the autonomic nervous system are normally active _____________________
Simultaneously
Which elements account for 98.5% of the body's weight?
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus
Renin converts angiotensinogen, relased from the ______________, into angiotensin I.
liver
Clonal selection of T cells B cell result in the formation of what?
T cells results in the production of effector T cells (cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells)
B cells leads to the formation of plasma cells (which secrete antibodies
When a clot is no longer needed, fibrin is dissolved by what?
plasmin
Function of the kidneys
regulate osmolarity of the body fluids, help control blood pressure, indirectly increase red blood cell production, fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D
Which of these is a cation?
O2
K+
Na+
Ca2+
Cl-
K+
Na+
Ca2+
The outermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney is known as the ____________________
renal capsule
A patient's blood is found to be abnormally viscous. This could be due to abnormally high ______________ concentration, as this component is the main contributor to blood viscosity.
Erythrocyte
Renal capsule->PCT (proximal collecting duct)->LOH(loop of Henle) -> DCT(distal collecting duct)-> collecting duct
Functions of the lymphatic system
Fluid recovery, immunity, lipid absorption, returning fluid to the veins
Edema symptoms are
increased capillary filtration, reduced reabsorption, obstruction of lymphatic drainage
What are accessory organs of the digestive system?
Tongue, Liver, Pancreas, Salivary gland, gallbladder, small intestine
Cells found in the epidermis
melanocytes, stem cells, keratinocytes, tactile (Merkel) cells
What has the thickest tunica media?
Large arteries (such as the aorta)
Functions of the respiratory system
control pH of body fluids, promote the flow of lymph and venous blood, allows us to communicate with others, and helps with defecation
Absence of iodine in the diet leads to
hypothyroidism