Microscopes & Cell Theory
What part of a microscope changes the amount of light reaching the slide?
Diaphragm
Which part of the cell stores materials like food and water?
Vacuole
Which system includes your brain and spinal cord?
Nervous system
What is the main energy source for almost all ecosystems?
The Sun
What is a trait? Give one example.
A characteristic passed from parent to offspring; ex: eye color
Which scientist was the first to name and observe “cells” in cork?
Robert Hooke
Which cell part is like a post office, packaging and shipping proteins?
Golgi apparatus
What body system protects against disease and invaders?
Immune system
What do we call an organism’s job or role in its environment?
Niche
What does it mean for a gene to be dominant?
A dominant gene shows even if only one copy is inherited.
What does it mean that all cells come from pre-existing cells?
Cells divide to make new cells; they don’t appear from nothing.
What is the jelly-like substance inside cells called?
Cytoplasm
Which organ in the excretory system filters blood?
Kidney
A group of the same species living together is called a what?
Population
If both parents carry a recessive trait, can their child show it? Explain.
Yes, if both carry the recessive allele, the child could inherit both copies.
What are two ways to adjust focus on a microscope?
Coarse adjustment and fine adjustment knobs
Explain one way plant cells and animal cells get energy.
Plants use chloroplasts for photosynthesis; animals use mitochondria for respiration.
Name two organs involved in the digestive system.
Stomach and intestines
Name one abiotic and one biotic factor in a pond.
Abiotic: water; Biotic: fish
What molecule carries genetic information?
DNA
Describe how the invention of the microscope helped shape the cell theory.
It allowed scientists to observe cells, leading to discoveries about their structure and function.
Which organelles help break down waste and old cell parts?
Lysosomes
Describe how the respiratory and circulatory systems exchange gases.
Oxygen moves from the lungs to the blood; carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the lungs to be exhaled.
Explain how energy moves through a food web.
Energy flows from producers to consumers to decomposers in a web of interactions.
How is inherited traits different from environmental traits?
Inherited variation comes from genes; environmental variation comes from surroundings.