Cell Processes
What process moves molecules from high to low concentration without energy?
Diffusion
What gas do plants take in during photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide
Which system allows movement by working with muscles?
Muscular system
What type of relationship harms one and benefits the other?
Parasitism
What step in the water cycle turns liquid into vapor?
Evaporation
What happens to a cell in pure water (hint: osmosis)?
The cell swells as water enters.
Hypotonic
What is one product of respiration?
Carbon dioxide or water
What type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Arteries
Which type of symbiosis benefits both species?
Mutualism
What gas do animals release that plants take in?
Carbon dioxide
What is the purpose of mitosis?
To create identical cells for growth or repair
How does a plant use glucose it makes during photosynthesis?
To store energy or use it to build other molecules
What is one function of the skin (integumentary system)?
Protects against infection and helps regulate temperature
Give an example of commensalism.
Barnacles on whales
What is runoff?
Water that flows over land and into bodies of water
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up in the middle?
Metaphase
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis (in words)?
Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
How does the nervous system help protect you from danger?
Sends signals to muscles to move or respond to danger
What is a host in a parasitic relationship?
The organism that is harmed by the parasite
Describe how burning fossil fuels affects the carbon cycle.
Adds more CO₂ to the atmosphere, leading to climate change
Compare diffusion and osmosis.
Diffusion is movement of any particles; osmosis is diffusion of water.
Compare aerobic respiration with fermentation.
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and makes more ATP; fermentation doesn’t use oxygen and makes less.
Explain how the digestive and circulatory systems work together.
Nutrients from food are absorbed into the bloodstream and carried to cells.
Compare mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism with examples.
Mutualism = both benefit (bee & flower), Commensalism = one benefits, one not harmed (bird nest in tree), Parasitism = one benefits, one harmed (tick on a dog)
List all steps of the water cycle in order starting with evaporation.
1. Evaporation, 2. Condensation, 3. Precipitation, 4. Runoff