Digestive System
The four types of teeth?
Incisors
Canine
Premolars
Molars
Number of carbons in glucose?
Structural traits of capillaries and their function?
Smallest of all vessels with thin walls that exchange gases
Term for insect air duct
spiracles
Two general divisions of the nervous system
1. Central nervous system- Brain and spinal cord
2. Peripheral nervous system-
Sensory neurons (detect stimuli)
Motor neurons (respond to stimuli)
What is the function of mesenteries?
help keep the intestine coiled and are lined with blood vessels for absorption.
3 steps plus transitional step to convert glucose to ATP; where in the cell they occur and if they require oxygen?
Glycolysis – does not require oxygen and occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
Krebs Cycle – occurs in the mitochondria
Electron Transport Chain – occurs in the mitochondrial membrane
Composition of blood (x4)
erythrocytes (red blood cells)
leukocytes (white blood cells)
platelets
plasma
How does the chest and diaphragm aids in inhalation/exhalation?
Inhalation- chest muscles contract and opens pleural cavities
Exhalation- chest muscle relaxes
A synapse is
The gap between presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron
What is the term for smooth muscle contractions?
Peristalsis
End products of glycolysis?
2 pyruvates, 2 net ATP, 2 NADH
The flow of blood through the system of vessels?
Heart -> arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins
How do aquatic organisms (fish) get oxygen from their surroundings?
Aquatic organisms have organs that filter O2 from water and return CO2 (gills)
3 components to a neuron
Dendrites -Branches that receive signals
Cell body -Contains nucleus (where genetic information of the cell is located)
Axon -Tube-like extension that sends signal
What the liver and gall bladder releases to aid in digestion; what type of food it breaks down?
Releases bile salts that break down lipids (fats)
What step in cellular respiration makes the most ATP?
ETC
What makes the sound heard in a heartbeat?
”lub”- tri/bicuspid valves closing
“dub”-semilunar valves closing
How do simple organisms and some amphibians get oxygen from their surroundings?
Diffusion - O2 moves directly into cells from surrounding air/water (doesn’t pass through an organ system)
What reflexes are and why they are faster than other signals?
Reflexes are a bypass of the brain for quick responses occurs in spinal cord
Digestion is?
(be specific, use bio terms)
Digestion is breaking down polymers into monomers to be used as energy and building blocks.
Equation of cellular respiration (the general names)
Glucose + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP
Traits of mammal and bird circulatory systems?
Septum separates circuits, is very efficient because it doesn’t mix oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
What is the path of air from nostrils to blood capillaries?
Nostrils -> pharynx -> Larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli -> capillaries
The subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system
Sensory (body -> brain) and motor (brain -> body)
Somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involuntary)
Sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest)