Energy
Name a simple machine
Wedge, pulley, lever, inclined plane, wheel and axle, screw
What type of wave is a sound wave: longitudinal or transverse?
Longitudinal
Do light waves require a medium to travel through?
No. This is why light can travel from the sun to our Earth.
Do particle with like charges (positive and positive or negative and negative) attract or repel?
Repel
What type of rock is formed from the cooling of magma? (what is the proper name for lava rock?)
Igneous rock
What unit is the SI unit for measuring energy?
Joule
Does a wave with a larger amplitude have higher energy or lower energy than a wave with lower amplitude?
Which has a shorter wavelength: Radio waves or UV rays from the sun?
UV rays
Give an example of charging by friction.
Static electricity, jumping on a trampoline, scooting across a carpet in socks, rubbing a balloon on your hair
Which part of the hydrologic cycle (the water cycle) involves groundwater evaporating from plant leaves?
Transpiration
What does the law of conservation of energy state?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be converted from one form to another or transferred from one object to another.
What must sound waves travel through? Why can't sound travel in space?
A medium (particles or molecules that form a solid, liquid or gas). There is no medium in space through which sound waves can travel.
Name the colors of the visible spectrum in order from shortest wavelength to longest (hint: that means say the colors of the rainbow backward)
Violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, red
What is an open cicuit? Does electrical current flow through an electrical circuit?
A circuit that has a break or no complete connection between the two sides of the power source (eg battery). No electricity flows.
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
Weathering is the breaking down of rocks into sediment. Erosion is the movement of that sediment from one place to another, often from wind or water.
What is the difference between kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE)?
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and potential energy is stored energy as a result of position (gravitational potential energy) or shape (elastic potential energy)
Does sound travel faster through solid, liquid, or gas? rate from fastest speed to slowest speed.
Fastest: Solid, then liquid, and then gas
What is the name of the waves just longer than visible light (hint: BELOW red) and just shorter than visible light (hint: ABOVE violet)?
infrared, and ultraviolet
Where on a magnet are the magnetic fields strongest: at the center or at the poles (ends)?
At the poles
What percent of oxygen is in our atmosphere (at sea level)?
21%
Name one form of energy that you can observe
Thermal (heat) energy, chemical energy (stored in bonds), electrical energy, electromagnetic energy (light), sound energy, nuclear energy (splitting or fusing atomic particles)
What does Mach mean? What is a sonic boom?
It is a unit to measure supersonic speed or something traveling faster than the speed of sound. It creates a sonic boom, which is a loud and possibly destructive sound.
What 3 things can happen when light encounters an object? (Hint: this depends on whether the object is transparent, translucent, or opaque)
It can be transmitted, reflected, or absorbed
What happens when you split a bar magnet in half? Are you left with a north pole and a south pole?
No, when you divide it in have it creates two new N/S poles on each magnet. You now have two new dipole magnets. There must be opposites.
Which part of the atmosphere is responsible for the auroras?
The ionosphere