Chapter 9
The molecule on T helper cells required for isotype switching.
What is CD40L?
These long-lived cells enable faster responses upon re-exposure to antigen.
What are memory cells?
A virus that can remain dormant in neurons for long periods.
What is herpes virus?
These cells release histamine during allergic reactions.
What are mast cells?
Small molecules that are not immunogenic unless attached to a carrier.
What are haptens?
These cells capture antigen and activate T cells in lymph nodes.
What are dendritic cells?
Minor mutations in viral genes that cause gradual antigen changes.
What is antigenic drift?
This type of hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies.
What is Type I hypersensitivity?
The process where T cells and B cells recognize the same antigen.
What is linked recognition?
This cytokine promotes differentiation into Th1 cells.
What is IL-12?
Major reassortment of viral genome segments leading to pandemics.
What is antigenic shift?
This hypersensitivity involves immune complex deposition in tissues.
What is Type III hypersensitivity?
These antigens require T helper cell assistance for B cell activation.
What are T-dependent antigens?
This immune response provides immediate defense and delays infection spread.
What is innate immunity?
The immune cells primarily targeted by HIV infection.
What are CD4 T cells?
This autoimmune disease involves antibodies stimulating thyroid receptors.
What is Graves’ disease?
The site where B cells undergo affinity maturation and somatic hypermutation.
What is the germinal center?
This antibody dominates during the secondary immune response.
What is IgG?
A mutation that can make individuals resistant to HIV infection.
What is CCR5 mutation?
This delayed hypersensitivity is mediated by T cells rather than antibodies.
What is Type IV hypersensitivity?