Vapor Pressure
variable that accounts for the number of particles a solute breaks into when dissolved in a solvent
What is the Van't Hoff factor?
The minimum amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.
What is activation energy?
According to the Brønsted-Lowry definition, an acid is a substance that performs this action with a proton.
What is donating a proton (H^+)?
If you increase the concentration of a reactant, the equilibrium will shift in this direction.
What is toward the products (to the right)?
This is the term for compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.
What are isomers?
According to Raoult's Law, adding a non-volatile solute to a solvent will cause the vapor pressure to do this.
What is decrease (or vapor pressure lowering)?
For a second-order reaction, doubling the concentration of the reactant will increase the rate by this factor.
What is four?
This is the pH of a solution with a hydronium ion concentration ([H3O^+]) of 1.0 *10^{-4} M.
What is 4?
For an exothermic reaction, increasing the temperature will cause the equilibrium to shift in this direction
What is toward the reactants (to the left)?
This functional group is characterized by a carbon-carbon double bond.
What is an alkene?
A liquid with very strong intermolecular forces (like hydrogen bonding) will typically have this type of vapor pressure compared to a liquid with weak forces
What is a lower vapor pressure?
These substances increase the rate of a reaction by providing an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy.
What is a catalyst?
To create a buffer with a pH of 4.74 using acetic acid (pKa = 4.74), the ratio of conjugate base ([A^-]) to weak acid ([HA]) must be exactly this.
What is 1:1 (or equal)?
This change in conditions will NOT cause a shift in equilibrium position, even though it changes the rate at which equilibrium is reached.
What is adding a catalyst?
This specific functional group contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.
What is an aldehyde?
Between CH3OH and CH3CH2OH, this substance will have the higher vapor pressure at a given temperature.
What is CH3OH (Methanol)?
If a plot of 1/[A] versus time yields a straight line, the slope of that line is equal to this value.
What is the rate constant (k)?
This is the conjugate base of the bicarbonate ion (HCO3^-).
What is the carbonate ion (CO3^{2-})?
If the pressure is increased on a gaseous system, the equilibrium shifts toward the side with this.
What is the fewer number of moles of gas?
This is the name of the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon, consisting of a six-carbon ring with alternating double bonds.
What is benzene?
If a pure liquid has a vapor pressure of 400 mmHg at 25°C, this will be the vapor pressure of a solution containing 0.2 mole fraction of a non-volatile solute.
What is 320 mmHg?
A first-order reaction has a half-life of 20 minutes; this is the rate constant (k) for the reaction.
What is 0.0347 min^{-1}? (ln(2) / 20).
This is the pH of a 0.10\ M solution of a weak acid with a Ka of 1.0 times 10^{-5}
What is 3.0?
Decreasing the volume of the reaction container for the system N2(g) + 3H2(g) <-> 2NH3(g) will have this effect on the value of the equilibrium constant K.
What is no effect?
This phenomenon involves the delocalization of electrons across adjacent parallel p-orbitals, which increases the stability of a molecule.
What is resonance?