Matter&Changes
This type of change alters the form or appearance of a substance but does not turn it into a completely new substance (e.g., melting ice or tearing paper).
What is a physical change?
This is another word for measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance
What is temperature?
This is the mathematical formula used to calculate density
What is D=M/V? (mass divided by volume)
These are the starting ingredients written on the left side of a chemical equation, while these are the final substances written on the right side.
What are reactants and products?
This scientist developed the theory of Continental Drift, but his ideas were initially rejected because he couldn't explain how the continents moved.
Who is Alfred Wegener?
When a substance is heated, this happens to its molecules on a microscopic scale.
What is moving faster and spreading further apart? (An increase in kinetic energy).
In a scientific experiment, this type of system prevents matter and energy from escaping into or entering from the surrounding environment.
What is a closed system?
If an object is less dense than water, this will happen to it in water.
What is float?
This law states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, meaning the total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products.
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
This type of rock is formed deep underground through intense heat and pressure without completely melting.
What is metamorphic rock?
When a substance is cooled, this happens to it on a macroscopic level (what we see with our eyes).
What is contracting (shrinking) or changing phase (e.g., freezing/condensing)?
This state of balance is reached when two interacting substances in a closed system eventually equalize and reach the exact same temperature.
What is equilibrium?
When one substance completely dissolves into another and looks uniform throughout (like saltwater).
What is a homogenous mixture?
These are the exact inputs (reactants) required for plants to perform photosynthesis.
What are carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight (energy)?
At this type of tectonic plate boundary, plates crash or push into each other, frequently forming massive mountain ranges or deep ocean trenches.
What is a convergent boundary?
This type of change occurs when bonds break and reform to create entirely new substances with different properties, such as wood burning or iron rusting.
What is a chemical change?
In the "Cool It! Lab," putting more hot washers into the closed system had this effect on the final temperature of the water compared to using fewer washers
What is it raised the final temperature higher?
This is a combination of two or more substances that are physically blended together but not chemically bonded, meaning they can be separated by physical means.
What is a mixture?
This life-sustaining process breaks down glucose and oxygen to release usable energy, producing water and carbon dioxide as waste products
What is cellular respiration?
This layer of Earth is made of solid rock and is divided into moving tectonic plates.
What is the crust?
These are human-made substances derived from natural resources that have been chemically altered to create completely new materials, like plastics or synthetic fibers.
What are synthetic substances?
When two substances of different temperatures are in contact within a closed system, thermal energy will always transfer in this direction.
What is from the hotter substance to the colder substance?
Calculate the density of a rock with a volume of 15 cm^3 and a mass of 45 g
What is 3 g/cm^3 ?
In photosynthesis, plants use sunlight to turn carbon dioxide and water into glucose and this gas.
What is oxygen?
This geological principle states that in undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the oldest layer is always at the bottom and the youngest layer is at the top.
What is the Principle of Superposition?