Cell Membrane & Transport
Cell Structure & Function
Cell Energy & Metabolism
Mitosis & Meiosis
Mendelian Genetics & Extensions
100
This type of transport does not require energy and involves the movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through a protein channel
What is facilitated diffusion?
100
This structure has pores that allow material to flow in and out of the nucleus and is directly attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (cis)
What is the nuclear envelope?
100
What are three phosphate groups (A), a ribose sugar (B), and an adenine (C)?
100
The stages of mitosis
What is PMAT?
100
A recessive trait will be observed in individuals that are ___ for that trait
What is homozygous?
200
This protein actively transports three sodium ions out of a cell and two potassium ions into a cell, using ATP in the process
What is the sodium-potassium pump?
200
This organelle, lacking ribosomes, is responsible for lipid synthesis, detoxification of drugs and poisons, and calcium ion storage in muscle cells
What is the smooth ER?
200
The three stages of cellular respiration (in order)
What is glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation?
200
In meiosis, this event occurs during prophase I and is a primary source of genetic variation between gametes
What is homologous recombination (or crossing over)?
200
Heterozygotes exhibit a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygous conditions
What is incomplete dominance?
300
A white blood cell engulfs a harmful bacterium by surrounding it with its plasma membrane and enclosing it in a vesicle for destruction
What is endocytosis/phagocytosis?
300
These are molecules (2) that are highly permeable to the cell membrane
What are small molecules and large hydrophobic molecules? Bonus: give an example for each!
300
The amount of ATPs produced at the end of cellular respiration (it's a range)
What are 28-32 ATPs?
300
In an organism with 32 chromosomes in its muscle cells, the number of chromosomes in a gamete of the same organism
What are 16 chromosomes?
300
The expected phenotypic ratio when crossing a heterozygous individual with a homozygous recessive individual
What is 1:1?
400
This term describes the voltage difference across a cell membrane, created by the uneven distribution of ions, which is crucial for nerve impulses
What is the membrane potential?
400
The three fibers that make up the cytoskeleton
What are microfilaments (actin), intermediate filaments, and microtubules?
400
This cycle produces NADH, FADH2, and ATP (answer with the cycle itself and how much of each product is produced)
What is the citric acid cycle? What is 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 ATP?
400
This term refers to the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during anaphase of meiosis, potentially leading to disorders like Down syndrome
What is nondisjunction?
400
This phenomenon occurs when a single gene affects multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits.
What is pleiotropy?
500
When a red blood cell is placed in this type of solution, water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink. Name the solution type and explain the osmotic movement of water in terms of solute concentration.
What is a hypertonic solution, where water moves out of the cell due to higher solute concentration outside?
500
The name of the region/shipping side of the golgi apparatus that faces away from the endoplasmic reticulum and towards the plasma membrane
What is the "trans" side of the golgi apparatus?
500
During intense exercise, when oxygen is scarce, muscle cells switch to this process to regenerate NAD+ (name of this process and the byproduct is produced)
What is lactic acid fermentation, which produces lactate as a byproduct?
500
During meiosis, this phenomenon, involving the random orientation of homologous chromosome pairs during metaphase I, contributes significantly to genetic variation
What is independent assortment?
500
In a trihybrid cross involving three independently assorting traits, this is the probability of obtaining an offspring that is homozygous recessive for all three traits
What is 1/64 (or (1/4)3)?