Cell/Tissue/Integumentary
Skeletal/Articulations
Muscles/Blood
Heart/Blood Vessels
MYSTERY CATEGORY
100
What are the three types of cell membrane proteins? Draw them!
Peripheral (outside), integral (inside), transmembrane (across)
100
What are the 4 types of bone cells? What does each do? Where are they located?
osteogenic cell (stem cell, can become osteoblast or osteoclast, outside & inside)
osteoclast cell (breaks down bone to release calcium, inside)
osteoblast cell (form new bone from calcium, in matrix)
osteocyte (maintains bone tissue, outside)
100
Neurons communicate to certain muscles at the _____________ .
Neuromuscular junctions
100
Intercalated discs on cardiac muscles connect via ________ which allows the heart to contract rhythmically.
gap junctions
100
What is the difference between lysosomes and peroxisomes?
peroxisomes: contain catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide
lysosomes: contain cellular digestive enzymes to remove physical wastes
200
Categorize these processes under the correct category of active or passive transport.
Endocytosis, diffusion, osmosis, exocytosis, facilitated diffusion, pinocytosis, phagocytosis
Active: endocytosis, exocytosis, pinocytosis, phagocytosis
Passive: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
200
What structure on the outer surface of the bone turns into a tendon and connects bone to muscles?
periosteum
200
____ binds to _____ which then exposes the binding site for the myosin head.
calcium, troponin
200
The structure that allows a fetus to bypass the liver is ________ which becomes ________ after birth.
ductus venosus; ligamentum venosum
200
Which sweat gland secretes directly into the hair follicle?
apocrine sweat gland
300
What is the mnemonic for the skin layers (superficial to deep)? What are the layers?
Come, Let's Get Sun Burned! Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum basale.
300
Synovial joints are _____ movable. In the joint capsule, the cavity is filled with ___________ which helps with __________.
freely moveable, synovial fluid, lubrication
300
Describe the sliding filament theory!
It is good to familiarize yourself with the key players in each step, so you could quickly recognize the answers on the exam.
300
The innermost layer of an artery is called ________ which is __________ epithelium. The thin layer of cells allows quicker diffusion of ______, ______, and hormones.
tunica media, simple squamous; gases, nutrients
300
Describe tetanus.
Infection by bacteria Clostridium tetani. Produces toxin that causes involuntary muscle contraction. Leads to respiratory failure.
400
What type of epithelium is found in the trachea? What is the purpose of the cilia?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium; move mucus
400
Where do you find intramembranous ossification? Endochondral ossification?
flat skull bones, long bones
400
What's the difference between antigen and antibody? Draw and explain!
Antigen on all cell surfaces - helps tell self from non-self. Antibodies free-floating proteins or receptors on WBCs that bind to specific antigens. Our body produces antibodies!
400
What's the difference vasodilation and vasoconstriction? How do these processes happen?
enlarging of blood vessels, reducing blood vessel diameter; work of precapillary sphincters (arteriole --> capillary)
400
Walk me through the structures of the heart as blood flows through it! Draw & label!
500
Where do you find apocrine sweat glands? Merocrine sweat glands?
axillae, groin and nipples; everywhere
500
What type of joint is the shoulder and hip joint? Why is it the weakest joint?
Synovial - ball and socket; lots of mobility, least amount of stability
500
What blood type is this?
B+
500
Main structure difference between arteries and veins?
valves!
500
Draw an EKG and explain what happens at each step.
