Test Identification
Researchers compare the exam scores of students who use flashcards versus students who use practice tests.
Independent Samples T-Test
The p-value must be _____ in order to reject the null hypothesis.
Less than or Equal to 0.05 (alpha)
A factorial ANOVA contains _____ independent variables and ____ IV levels
Name one assumption required for parametric tests.
Any of:
Normal distribution, Equal variances, Random sampling, Independence, Quantitative data
What does Standard Deviation mean/measure
The variability of a sample/population
Researchers compare memory scores before, immediately after, and one week after a study intervention using the same participants.
Repeated-measures ANOVA
When an ANOVA is found to be significant, we can confirm that there is a difference between the groups tested. However, we cannot tell WHERE the groups differ with an ANOVA alone. What test would a researcher run to find which groups differ from each other?
Tukey HSD
What do we call the effect of one of the IVs on the DV when collapsed across the other IV.
Main Effects
A researcher records favorite ice cream flavor. Would this variable be considered quantitative or qualitative?
Qualitative
What test should researchers run if they want to be able to predict the relationship between two variables.
Regression
Researchers compare GPA among freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors.
one-way ANOVA
A one-way ANOVA contains at least ___ independent variable(s) and ____ IV Level(s)
One IV and 3+ IV Levels
An ____ effect is when the effect of one IV on a DV depends on the level of another IV.
Interaction
When a researcher compares observed frequencies to an expected distribution, they should run a____
Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit
When the population variability is known in a research question, we should run this type of test
t-test
You examine the relationship between height and weight
correlation
A researcher conducts three independent t-tests instead of one ANOVA.
What problem does this create?
Inflates Type I error rate:
Conducting multiple t-tests instead of a single ANOVA increases the risk of a Type I error because the overall alpha level increases, leading to a false positive (reject the null even though it should have been retained)
Marginal Means
Name one similarity and one difference between Chi-Square and Correlation
Both look for relatedness/association, chi is only used when data is categorical while correlation is used when data is continuous/quantitative
A coffee shop claims that the average customer wait time is 6 minutes. A manager believes the wait time has increased. A random sample of 49 customers shows an average wait time of 6.8 minutes. The population standard deviation is known to be 2.1 minutes. To test the managers claim, what test do we run? WHY?
One Sample Z-test because we are given the population variability (standard deviation)
Researchers examine whether relationship status (single, dating, married) is associated with favorite streaming service.
Chi-Square Test of Independence
Is there an effect of watching subtitled anime on Japanese vocabulary? Compare groups of people who watch an average of 5, 10, and 20 hours of subtitled anime per week.
Identify the test, the null hypothesis, and the alternative hypothesis.
One Way ANOVA,
H0: μ1 = μ2 = μ3 groups watching anime 5, 10, or 20 hours per week have similar Japanese vocabulary
H1: μ1 ≠ μ2 ≠ μ3 groups watching anime 5, 10, or 20 hours per week have different Japanese vocabulary
In order to find an interaction effect, we look at the _______ in ______ between the levels of your IVs.
Difference in Differences
Of all the tests we have learned this year, what is the only type of test that is nonparametric.
Chi Square
Name all the statistical tests we covered this quarter.
z-test, One-sample t, independent t, paired t, correlation, one-way ANOVA, repeated-measures ANOVA, factorial ANOVA, chi-square goodness-of-fit, chi-square independence