GUM Rules
Rule 1: A complete sentence needs ______ and __________; it must be a ___________.
subject, verb (predicate); complete thought
I love my cat, Gertie, because she's curious and full of energy.
Correct (interrupter)
Add ONE additonal piece of punctuation (, ; :) in the correct place in the sentence.
Last week my sister ran over a turtle on her way to work.
week, my
com-, con- means ____________
bene- means _________
together, with
good
a reference to a real or fictional person, event, quote, or work of art (often referencing another piece of literature). A common example is calling a school and their surveillance system "Big Brother", a reference to the novel 1984.
allusion
The rule when you have a list of three or more
Place a comma after each word, phrase, or item in your list (oxford comma).
Correct or Incorrect? (Justify with a GUM rule)
Be that as it may one does not simply walk into Mordor.
Incorrect (opener -- comma after may)
Add ONE additonal piece of punctuation (, ; :) in the correct place in the sentence.
She was running late to work however, she felt obligated to stop and help the turtle.
work; however,
-able, ible means _______ and is _____ (part of speech)
-ist/-er means __________ and is ______ (part of speech)
able to --- adj
one who does/occupied with --- noun
When the audience has more information that one or more characters in a work of literature, and the audience can foresee the imminent disaster/tragedy (the character unaware).
What is one example of this device in Romeo & Juliet?
Dramatic irony
Mercutio and Benvolio think Romeo has run away after the party because he's sad (he's looking for Juliet)
The Capulets think Juliet is dead (she's alive, conspired with Friar)
Romeo thinks Juliet is dead and goes to the apothecary (does't get the letter indicating the truth in time).
Romeo notices Juliet shows signs of life (crimson lips, face, warmth)
FANBOYS stands for what? When you have two independent clauses, where do you place the comma?
For And Nor But Or Yet So
comma BEFORE the FANBOYS (also known as a coordinating conjunction)
If I didn't have students allergic to cats, I would definitely consider bringing Gertie in to school; unfortunately it's a fireable offense.
Incorrect (comma after unfortunately -- semicolon rule, conjunctive adverb)
Add ONE additonal piece of punctuation (, ; :) in the correct place in the sentence.
She drove an hour out of her way to the nearest wildlife rehabilitation center and they had space for the turtle, thank goodness.
center, and
voc means ______
cred means ______
voice
believe
label the following structural descriptions of rhyming lines: 2, 4, 6, 8, 14 (ABABCDCDEFEFGG)
couplet, quatrain, sestet, octave, sonnet.
Define an opener, interrupter, and closer (they all have the same definition, essentially). Where are commas placed when you have them in a sentence?
extra, nonessential information in a sentence
Opener, independent clause.
Independent clause, closer.
Independent, interrupter, clause.
Incorrect (comma before especially -- interrupter)
Add ONE additonal piece of punctuation (, ; :) in the correct place in the sentence.
The center rehabilitates many creatures from wildlife squirrels, turtles, deer, birds, moose, and even rabbits.
wildlife: squirrels
circ-, circum- means _______
ex-, e- means ______
in-, im- means _______
around
out,from,forth
in,into,not
Identify a character foil and explain their relationship
Use ______________ to join independent clauses without a conjunction; to join independent clauses with a ___________________ (and comma); and to join lists with lengthy items or commas in them.
semi-colons
conjunctive adverb
Correct or Incorrect? (Justify with a GUM rule)
If you've never been to the Outer Banks; you should go.
Incorrect (opener needs a comma, not a semi-colon)
Add ONE additonal piece of punctuation (, ; :) in the correct place in the sentence.
My sister a huge animal lover, donated money to the center and continues to check up on Squirtle.
sister, a
-fy means _______ and is _____ (part of speech)
-less means ______ and is ______ (part of speech)
-ism means ______ and is _______ (part of speech
to make --- verb
without, lacking --- adj
the practice of --- noun
Difference between symbol and motif (consider using the words literal/figurative or concrete/abstract in your response). Name an example (of both a symbol and motif) from HoMS, R&J, or AtLWCS
When a literal object/think takes on additional meaning (takes on deeper meaning). The object is concrete, the symbolic meaning it takes on is abstract. A symbol may be repeated throughout a text.
A motif is a RECURRING (repeating) pattern -- repetition of ceratin words, or images, actions, etc. -- that links to a theme. A motif is CONCRETE (it literally repeats in the text), the repetition of this image, action, etc. will eventually lend itself to theme or abstract idea.
Example? Mockingbird is a symbol. The repetition of (innocent animals) is a motif, as is houses, boundaries, divisions as a means of introducing the THEME of societal boundaries/divisions based on race, economic status, gender, etc.