States of matter
What are the three common states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas.
Which gas law explains the relationship between pressure and volume?
Boyle’s Law.
What type of mixture is evenly mixed throughout?
Homogeneous mixture.
What theory explains how reactions occur when particles collide?
Collision Theory.
What pH value is considered neutral?
7.
What is the process called when a liquid changes into a gas?
Vaporization (evaporation).
According to Charles’ Law, what happens to a gas when temperature increases?
its volume increases.
What is the substance being dissolved called?
Solute.
What theory explains how reactions occur when particles collide?
Collision Theory.
What ion do acids produce in water?
Hydrogen ions (H⁺).
Why are gases easier to compress than liquids?
Gas particles are farther apart with more empty space.
What is the standard molar volume of a gas at STP?
22.4 liters.
What is the formula for molarity?
Moles of solute divided by liters of solution.
How does increasing temperature affect reaction rate?
It increases the reaction rate.
What happens during a neutralization reaction?
An acid and base react to form water and a salt.
What type of intermolecular force is strongest: dispersion, dipole-dipole, or hydrogen bonding?
Hydrogen bonding.
A gas has a volume of 4 L at 2 atm. If pressure changes to 4 atm, what is the new volume?
2 L.
What is the difference between soluble and insoluble substances?
Soluble substances dissolve, insoluble substances do not.
Why does crushing a solid speed up a reaction?
It increases surface area for collisions.
which is stronger: a strong acid or weak acid? Why?
A strong acid because it completely ionizes in water.
Explain why honey flows slower than water.
Honey has a higher viscosity because its particles have stronger attractions.
Why must temperature be converted to Kelvin in gas law calculations?
Because gas laws only work correctly with absolute temperature.
A solution contains 20 g of salt in 100 g of solution. What is the percent by mass?
20%.
Explain how catalysts speed up chemical reactions.
Catalysts lower activation energy, allowing more successful collisions.
If a solution has a pH of 3, is it acidic or basic, and how does its hydrogen ion concentration compare to pH 4?
It is acidic and has 10 times more hydrogen ions than a pH 4 solution.