unit 8
four unique haploid gametes are produced during a process called
meiosis
someone heterozygous for the allele of a recessive disorder
carrier
DNA's backbone is made up of phosphates and
sugars
base insertions or deletions alter the
reading frame
why is it called deoxyribose
it lacks an oxygen
tetrads align across the equator during
metaphase I (chromosomes = metaphase II)
Blood type A and B alleles are both expressed equally, an example of
codominance
who showed that DNA (not protein) was the genetic material
hershey and chase
molecule that micromanages the mRNA and tRNA
rRNA
enzyme that separates parent strands of DNA
helicase
allele pairs separate from each other during which phase
anaphase I
achondroplasia, alzheimer’s, and huntington’s are all
dominant disorders
hershey and chase labeled the DNA with radioactive __
phosphorous
mutation that results in sickle cell
missense mutation
red-green colorblindness, hemophilia, duchenne muscular dystrophy are carried on the
x chromosome
the third checkpoint occurs during which phase of mitosis
metaphase
homozygous red and homozygous white alleles produce an in-between phenotype (pink)
incomplete dominance
what type of bonds connect the nitrogenous bases (A - T and C - G)
hydrogen
enzyme that adds nucleotides to 3’ end of DNA
polymerase (also proofreads and repairs damaged DNA)
one gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits (ex. sickle cell anemia)
pleiotropy
3 purple : 1 white is what kind of ratio
phenotypic ratio
traits governed by two or more genes, producing a range of phenotypes (hair color, skin color, height)
polygenic inheritance
resulting strands are 1/2 parental, 1/2 daughter
semi-conservative replication
mutation that changes amino acid into a stop codon
nonsense mutation
independent assortment occurs during which phase
metaphase I