Data Analysis
308,538 DPMO
What is a 2 Sigma Process?
DPMO
What is defects per million opportunity?
3.4 DPMO
What is a 6 sigma process?
Chart used to track performance over time and separate special and common cause
What is a control chart?
Identify root causes and confirm them with data
What is the goal of the Analyze Phase?
A common metric that represents how much variation is in the system
What is process sigma?
Variation that is always present in a process even when a process is considered stable
What is common cause variation?
What is a 5 Why Analysis?
What is a time plot or run chart?
The contract between the project team and their sponsor about what is expected. Includes problem statement, benefit, scope and timeline
What is the Charter?
Tool to measure the variation due to the measurement process
What is a Gauge R&R or MSA?
% of total variation that is due to measurement variation
What is the % R&R?
What, Where, Who, When, Why and How
What are the questions for 5W 1H Method?
Data plot that shows the shape or distribution of data by showing how often different values occur
What is a histogram or frequency plot?
Standard metric utilized throughout many industries that represents the amount of variation in a process
What is process sigma?
What is a signal for special cause on a time plot?
Prioritization tool used to link voice of customer with process inputs
What is the cause and effects matrix?
Graphic display that can help provide structure when brainstorming and organizing root causes
What is a fishbone diagram?
80% of problems are caused by 20% of the contributors
What is the pareto principle?
Helps create the charter, resolves obstacles as needed and ensures progress
What is the role of the project sponsor?
A frequency plot with two peaks
What is a bimodal distribution?
What are causes for sampling bias?
A specific, testable statement that explains how and why a particular factor leads to an observed effect?
What is a mechanistic hypothesis?
Mean plus 3 Standard Deviations or Mean minus 3 Standard Deviations
What is the formula for an upper or lower control limit?
Model that recommends running a process as close to target as possible to minimize loss
What is Taguchi Loss Model?