General Renaissance
Machiavelli
The Printing Press
Protestant Reformation
Effects of the Protestant Reformation
100
4. The Renaissance in western Europe is best described as a period marked by
(1) unquestioned reliance on the teachings of Aristotle (2) an advance of Muslim culture (3) Christian unity throughout the region (4) great intellectual and artistic creativity
100
“. . . Therefore those preachers of indulgences are in error, who say that by the pope’s indulgences a man is freed from every penalty, and saved; . . .” — Martin Luther 1. Which period in European history is most directly related to this statement?
(1) Age of Exploration (2) Scientific Revolution (3) Crusades (4) Protestant Reformation
100
7. Which action could be considered an effect of the Protestant Reformation?
(1) posting of the Ninety-five Theses (2) decline in the power of the Roman Catholic Church (3) sale of indulgences (4) end of religious warfare
200
5. One way in which the writers of the Renaissance were influenced by the writers of ancient Greece was that the Renaissance writers
(1) stressed the power of human reason (2) promoted the religious doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church (3) showed little interest in secular affairs (4) produced few new scientific ideas
200
8. What is meant by Machiavelli’s belief that “the end justifies the means”?
(1) Leaders may use any method to achieve what is best for the state. (2) The general public always acts in its own best interest. (3) Pleasing all of the people at any given time is possible. (4) Leaders must always act for the common good.
200
• Literacy rates rise. • Shakespeare's sonnets circulated. • Secular ideas spread. 11. Which innovation led directly to these developments?
(1) printing press (2) astrolabe (3) paper currency (4) caravel
200
4. Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in western Europe was criticized for
(1) sponsoring explorations to the Middle East (2) allowing the Bible to be printed and distributed to the people (3) being too concerned with worldly power and riches (4) refusing to sell indulgences to peasant
200
8. An important effect of the Protestant Reformation in Europe was that it strengthened the
(1) power of monarchies (2) power of the pope (3) belief in polytheism (4) unity of Europe
300
6. Which factor contributed to the beginning of the Renaissance in Italian cities?
(1) occupation by foreign powers (2) interaction with Latin America (3) surplus of porcelain from Japan (4) access to important trade routes
300
9. In his book The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli advises that a wise ruler is one who
(1) keeps taxes and food prices low (2) encourages education and the arts (3) allows advisors to speak their minds (4) does what is necessary to stay in power
300
12. A direct impact that the printing press had on 16th-century Europe was that it encouraged the
(1) spread of ideas (2) beginnings of communism (3) establishment of democracy (4) development of industrialization
300
5. In western Europe, Martin Luther’s Ninety-five Theses and Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy led to
(1) an end to Christian unity (2) a strengthening of economic unity (3) better relations between peasants and merchants (4) fewer violent outbreaks between ethnic groups
300
9. A major goal of the Counter-Reformation was to
(1) reinstate the power of the Roman Catholic Church (2) reduce the authority of absolute monarchs (3) encourage new ideas in science and philosophy throughout Europe (4) compromise with European Protestants.
400
7. During the 1400s, the cities of Venice, Constantinople, and Canton achieved prominence because their
1) locations were favorable for trade (2) pleasant climates led to an increase in population (3) democratic governments attracted trade (4) military power led to industrialization
400
10. Niccolò Machiavelli in The Prince and Thomas Hobbes in Leviathan both advocated that a ruler should
(1) obtain power from a social contract with the governed (2) place the needs of subjects first (3) apply Christian teachings to all decisions (4) employ absolute power to maintain order in the areas under their rule
400
13. Which innovation had the greatest impact on the Protestant Reformation?
(1) movable-type printing press (2) Mercator map projection (3) magnetic compass (4) triangular sail
400
6. In the early 1500s, Martin Luther’s “Ninety-five Theses,” Henry VIII’s “Act of Supremacy,” and John Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion contributed to
(1) a decline in the power of the Catholic Church (2) an increased sense of nationalism in Tudor England (3) the growing power of the feudal nobility in Europe (4) a major conflict among Eastern Orthodox Christians
400
10. Martin Luther’s posting of the Ninety-Five Theses is considered by many to be a turning point in history because
1 the Pope’s right to sell indulgences was strengthened 2 Luther soon became the leader of Germany 3 the power of the Roman Catholic Church was lessened and royal power grew 4 the Roman Catholic Church unified the German states
500
A. In what ways does the Renaissance represent a turning point in global history?
The Renaissance was a time of creativity and change in Europe. It was a rebirth of cultural and intellectual pursuits after the stagnation of the Middle Ages. The Renaissance produced a golden age with many achievements in art, literature, and science, but most importantly, it produced a new concept of how people thought of themselves, each other, and the world around them.
500
B. What type of government did Machiavelli support? Do you agree? Why or why not?
Machiavelli advises that a ruler do what is necessary to stay in power. He recommended employing absolute power in order to maintain control.
500
C. What were the major effects of Gutenberg’s printing press?
It spread information quickly and accurately. This helped create a wider literate reading public. More books of a secular nature were printed, with especially profound results in science. It helped spread the ideas of the Protestant Reformation.
500
A. What were 2 causes of the Reformation?
The Church raised fees for services such as, marriage and baptism, and also began the sale of indulgences, which were letters of forgiveness for one's sins. This caused both anger and resentment across Europe, and many called for reforms to take place.
500
B. Evaluate three major effects of the Protestant Reformation.
The power of the Catholic Church was lessened. The Counter-Reformation was an effort of the Catholic Church to imprison and or execute leaders of the Protestant Reformation and to reestablish the power of the Catholic Church.
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