Pyruvate enters the mitochondria and reacts with co-enzyme A (CoA) to form one acetyl CoA and one CO2 and NADH.
What is the citric acid cycle?
100
requires input energy from outside source such as high energy phosphate bonds of ATP
What is active transport?
100
oxidation reduction, hydrolysis, dehydration, kinase ( addition of phosphate group to ADP to make ATP), transaminase ( transfer of amino acid to another) are all examples of this reaction
What is enzymatic reaction?
100
device that converts signal into another form
What is a transducer?
100
a decrease in receptor number
What is down regulation?
200
takes place in the cytosol of the cell. Costs 2 ATP and glucose
What is glycolosis?
200
does not require the input energy from outside source and uses kinetic energy
What is passive transport?
200
signals that change in membrane potential
What are electrical signals?
200
electrical signals travel to the neuron until it reaches the end of the cell, where it is translated into this type of chemical signal
What is a neurocrine?
200
target cell inserts more receptors into its membrane
What is up regulation?
300
products of food are being digested and absorbed.
What is the fed state?
300
anti-port enzyme that that pumps in 2 potassium and pumps out 3 sodium
What is the sodium and potassium pump?
300
molecules secreted by cells into extracellular fluid. responsible for most of the communication
What are chemical signals?
300
uses a combination of signals transported in the blood
What is long distance communication?
300
epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine are examples of this
What are catacholamines?
400
synthesis of ATP using the electron transport chain
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
400
diffusion, simple diffusion, and facilitated diffusion are all types of this form of energy
What is kinetic energy?
400
cells that respond to signals
What are target cells?
400
signal that acts on the cell that secreted the signal
What is an autocrine signal?
400
cells that secrete and synthesize epi and nor epi are located here
What is the adrenal medulla?
500
synthesizes large molecules from small ones. energy utilizing. reductive pathway.
What is anabolic pathway?
500
breaks large molecules into smaller ones. energy release. oxidative pathway.
What is catabolic pathway?
500
they transfer signals between adjacent cells
What are gap junctions?
500
a chemical that acts on cells in immediate vicinity
What is a paracrine signal?
500
a hormone that controls the release of another hormone