Relative Clause/Reduced Relative Clauses
Combine the following sentences using the most appropriate relative adverb or pronoun:
University is a period in life. It should be filled with opportunities for learning and personal development.
University is a period in life which should be filled with opportunities for learning and personal development.
Both sentences have the same meaning. Complete the second sentence.
The window was opened using a knife.
People questioned _______ Mr. Richardson was allowed to remain after the security issue.
(A) whereas (B) who (C) whom (D) why
People questioned ___(d) WHY____ Mr. Richardson was allowed to remain after the security issue.
Rewrite the following sentences by using cause and effect structures in parentheses.
Many students read a graded reader regularly. That’s why, they improve their vocabulary. (since)
Many students improve their vocabulary since they read a graded reader regularly.
Correct the error in the sentence (if any)
A ruined planet causes by global warming
A ruined planet is caused by global warming
Combine the following sentences using the most appropriate relative adverb or pronoun. Remember your commas:
‘Conformity’ is usually defined as a tendency to think or act like members of a group. It is the most common form of social influence.
‘Conformity’ is usually defined as a tendency to think or act like members of a group, which is the most common form of social influence.
Both sentences have the same meaning. Complete the second sentence.
Nothing was heard of David again.
Political researchers explained _____ female candidates have a difficult time raising campaign money.
a. which reasons b. because c. the result d. why
Political researchers explained _(D) WHY____ female candidates have a difficult time raising campaign money.
Rewrite the following sentences by using cause and effect structures in parentheses
There was a heavy fog yesterday so they cancelled the flights. (as a result of)
They cancelled the flights as a result of a heavy fog.
Correct the error in the sentence (if any)
The problem is how he can’t speak English, so he can’t get the job.
The problem is that he can’t speak English, so he can’t get the job.
Reduce relative clause (if possible)
Frequently, computers which are considered obsolete at large companies are donated to charity institutions or community centers in poor neighborhoods.
Frequently, computers considered obsolete at large companies are donated to charity institutions or community centers in poor neighborhoods.
Complete the passive sentences with the correct form of the modal verbs and verbs in brackets.
It seems that more research into the new drug ……………………………. (ought to / do) before it was made available.
It seems that more research into the new drug ought to be done before it was made available.
Smith told the people _____ effect a drought would have on the local farmers.
a. that b. how c. what d. then
Smith told the people _C (WHAT)____ effect a drought would have on the local farmers.
a. that b. how c. what d. then
Rewrite the following sentences by using cause and effect structures in parentheses.
His unwillingness to study resulted in failure. (result from)
His failure resulted from his unwillingness to study.
Correct the error in the sentence (if any)
The consultant recommended involving workers in identifying what the production process could be improved.
The consultant recommended involving workers in identifying how the production process could be improved.
Combine the following sentences to make one sentence using a reduced relative clause (if possible)
The protesters wounded during the demonstrations were taken to the nearest hospital.
Rewrite each sentence so that it does not contain the words highlighted and so that it contains a passive form.
The government has announced that the petrol prices will raise tomorrow.
It has been announced that the petrol prices will raise tomorrow.
Change the question a into a nouse clause:
Am I allowed to check out five books at a time? (Can you tell me ...)
Can you tell me if I am allowed to check out five books at a time?
Rewrite the following sentences by using cause and effect structures in parentheses.
Drought is associated with the changing weather patterns. (contribute to)
The changing weather patterns contribute to drought.
Correct the error in the sentence (if any)
A top architect lamented that cultural uniqueness has replaced by international sameness.
A top architect lamented that cultural uniqueness has been replaced by international sameness.
The sentence given below contains a reduced relative clause, write the full form of the relative clause.
The journalist investigating the corruption in the parliament was fired.
The journalist who investigated the corruption in the parliament was fired. OR
The journalist who was investigating the corruption in the parliament was fired.
Rewrite the sentences in two ways using passive structures. Begin with the words given.
They estimate that a third of babies born in the UK in 2013 have a life expectancy of 100.
It is ………………………………………
A third ………………………………………
It is estimated that a third of babies born in the UK in 2013 have a life expectancy of 100.
A third of babies born in the UK in 2013 are estimated to have a life expectancy of 100.
Combine sentences using a noun clause.
I almost drowned when I was a child. This makes me very careful about safety whenever I go swimming.
That I almost drowned when I was a child makes me very careful about safety whenever I go swimming.
Rewrite the following sentences by using cause and effect structures in parentheses.
Many students got low grades because the questions were difficult. (Due to)
Many students got low grades due to the difficulty of the questions
Correct the error in the sentence (if any)
What does the manufacturer to syrup results in one of three basic kinds of candy.
What the manufacturer does to syrup results in one of three basic kinds of candy.