FOUNDATIONS OF GROWTH
This specific subfield of psychology examines how human beings progress, develop, and alter behaviorally, physically, and cognitively from conception all the way through death.
What is Developmental Psychology?
While distress acts as the negative strain that causes overwhelming anxiety and halts productivity, this positive form of stress can increase focus, drive, and performance before a big evaluation.
What is Eustress?
According to Sigmund Freud’s psychodynamic framework, this vast level of human mental activity is packed with hidden fears, aggressive impulses, and repressed traumatic memories that remain completely outside of our conscious awareness but deeply direct our behavior.
What is the Unconscious Mind?
Psychologists rely on four core operational criteria to determine whether a pattern of behavior transitions from normal to a psychological disorder. Name two of these four criteria.
What are any two of: Typicality, Maladaptivity, Emotional Discomfort, or Socially Unacceptable Behavior?
While psychotherapy utilizes psychological principles to target the thoughts and behaviors causing a disorder, this separate main category of therapy utilizes medications, medical procedures, or surgeries to alter the nervous system directly.
What is Biological Therapy?
Developed by researcher Mary Ainsworth using the "Strange Situation" experimental setup, this term describes the powerful emotional bond forged between an infant and their primary caregiver.
What is Attachment?
Researcher Richard Lazarus identified 8 operational types of these everyday small frustrations—such as getting stuck in heavy traffic, dealing with chores/cleaning, or experiencing time pressure—that can profoundly damage long-term physical health when they become frequent.
What are Daily Hassles?
If a person scores exceptionally high in this specific domain of the Five-Factor Model, trait theorists would describe them as being highly organized, careful, self-disciplined, responsible, and attentive to fine details.
What is Conscientiousness?
In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), obsessions refer to the uncontrollable, intrusive thoughts that cause anxiety, while this term describes the repetitive, rigid behavioral rituals performed to temporarily reduce that anxiety.
What are Compulsions?
Carl Rogers' non-directive Person-Centered Therapy mandates that the therapist provide this specific condition, defined as complete, non-judgmental acceptance of the client's true self, regardless of their past or current behaviors.
What is Unconditional Positive Regard?
According to James Marcia's identity statuses, when a teenager blindly commits to an identity, political belief, or career path determined entirely by their parents without undergoing any personal exploration of alternative options, they are experiencing this status.
What is Identity Foreclosure?
Characterized by a cycle of severe calorie restriction and a distorted body image, Anorexia Nervosa is contrasted with this other major eating disorder, which involves recurrent cycles of secret binge eating followed by compensatory purging or excessive exercise.
What is Bulimia Nervosa?
Humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow asserted that humans have an inborn, natural desire to achieve this ultimate peak state, defined as reaching one's full potential and becoming the absolute best version of oneself.
What is Self-Actualization?
This specific Somatoform disorder involves a literal loss or alteration of a physical bodily function—such as sudden paralysis of a limb or total blindness—with absolutely zero underlying medical or physical cause.
What is Conversion Disorder?
Unlike Aaron Beck's collaborative approach to cognitive restructuring, this type of cognitive therapy developed in the 1950s involves a therapist directly, dynamically, and aggressively confronting and challenging a client's irrational assumptions and false beliefs.
What is Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)?
In the core debate of Nature vs. Nurture, this specific term refers to the automatic and sequential process of physical development—such as an infant automatically moving from sitting to crawling, then standing, and finally walking—unfolding purely according to genetic signals.
What is Maturation?
This psychological term describes the deeply uncomfortable internal mental tension that people experience when their deeply held thoughts, attitudes, or beliefs directly conflict with their actual outward behaviors.
What is Cognitive Dissonance?
Albert Bandura highlighted this critical internal cognitive variable within social-learning theory, defined as an individual’s internal belief in their own capability to execute tasks successfully and achieve specific future goals.
What is Self-Efficacy?
While delusions are fixed, false beliefs not grounded in objective reality, this positive symptom of Schizophrenia refers to vivid sensory perceptions (such as hearing mocking voices) experienced in the complete absence of any real external physical stimulus.
What are Hallucinations?
A psychiatrist treating a severe case of Schizophrenia would prescribe an antipsychotic medication. This category of drug works biologically by targeting and blocking the receptors of this specific neurotransmitter to shut down hallucinations
What is Dopamine?
According to the physical development slide data regarding growth spurt timings, this specific gender-based group is most likely to feel highly awkward, self-conscious, and experience heightened teasing because their sudden height and body changes attract peer attention ahead of schedule.
Who are Early-Maturing Females?
Used as a highly effective clinical active coping strategy, this physiological technique involves attaching medical sensors to a patient's body to map variables like heart rate and muscle tension onto a real-time screen, teaching them how to consciously lower their body's automatic stress response.
What is Biofeedback?
Carl Jung expanded psychoanalytic thought by claiming we inherit a collective unconscious storing basic universal human concepts called archetypes. Name any two specific archetypes explicitly listed in your curriculum slides.
What Are: The Self, The Shadow, The Anima, or The Animus?
Following a severe psychological trauma, an individual with this rare dissociative disorder experiences sudden memory loss, flees their home entirely, travels to a new town, and completely adopts a brand-new identity and lifestyle.
What is Dissociative Fugue?
Behavior therapists use this specific behavior modification conditioning method to break unhealthy habits (like nail-biting or substance abuse) by deliberately pairing the unwanted habit with a deeply unpleasant, noxious stimulus.
What is Aversive Conditioning?