1
Define hemorrhagic stroke
Hint: think hem for hematoma
vessel in the brain ruptures and bleeds
forms hematoma
This region causes problems with gait, balance, coordination
cerebellum
Dopamine plays a critical role in regulating?
movement, coordination, and balance
Renal Calculi (kidney stone):
Solid masses formed from crystallized minerals in the urine, often due to increased ___________________.
Calcium loss from bones
Hydronephrosis:
__________ of the renal pelvis (the funnel-shaped structure in the kidney that collects urine) d/t urine flow __________ leads to ______________________.
dilation
obstruction
kidney swelling and potential damage
hem stroke sx
hemiplegia (left-sided)
slurred speech (dysarthria)
loss of gag reflex
facial droop (right side)
Fill in the blanks:
MS is an __________ disease where the body's __________ mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath, a protective covering around nerve fibers in the __________ (brain and spinal cord).
autoimmune, T cells, CNS
Which clinical manifestations are characteristic of Parkinson’s disease?
Resting tremor (pill-rolling tremor)
Rigidity and stillness of muscle
Loss of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra
Bradykinesia (slowness of movement)
Renal calculi RF:
Immobility (e.g., paraplegic patients)
Dehydration
Increased calcium loss from the bones
High animal protein intake raises uric acid
Pyelonephritis
Upper UTI involves the kidneys (mainly CVA region)
What does the CT scan show if it's hemorrhagic?
hematoma
Fill in the blanks:
Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalgia (TAC) is a group of headache disorders characterized by excruciating __________, __________ and the presence of __________, pupil constriction, tearing, and __________.
unilateral or one-sided pain
restlessness
bloodshot eyes
nasal discharge
This type of renal dysfunction occurs d/t decreased blood flow to the kidneys
pre-renal
What is acute glomerulonephritis?
___________ of the ___________ within the kidneys, often following a recent __________.
inflammation
glomeruli
strep infection
Pylenophritis s/s
What does UA show?
s/s: irritative voiding, NVF, flank pain
UA: pyuria (WBCs in urine) and E. coli
hem stroke RF
other: DM, AFIB
Most common type of TAC
cluster HA
2 characteristics of post-renal dysfx
hypovolemia
HF
acute glom s/s:
Generalized edema (face and periorbital area)
Dark urine due to hematuria (blood in urine)
HTN and Oliguria (decreased urine output)
Uropathy
An _________ of urine flow causes a _________ that can damage __________.
obstruction
backup
kidneys
This region affects fx like breathing and HR
brainstem
What is Parkinson's?
chronic, neurodegenerative disorder
gradual
death of dopamine neurons in substantial nigra
Post-renal:
This occurs due to __________ of urine flow after it leaves the kidneys, such as a __________ or __________ blocking the ureters.
obstruction
kidney stone
tumor
“Puffy face post-strep."
Acute Glomerulonephritis
uropathy causes
kidney stones, prostatic enlargement