Language Development
Which is an example of a blending skill a 4-5 year-old can demonstrate?
a. Blending word parts like 'sun' + 'shine' = 'sunshine'
b. Blending sounds like 's' + 'h' = 'sh'
c. Blending consonant clusters /sm/ & /sh/ into "smoosh"
a. Blending word parts like 'sun' + 'shine' = 'sunshine'
Culture is learned through _________ and __________ participation.
BONUS: T/F- Children begin learning how to be members of their cultural group from birth.
observation; participation
True :)
List where each of the 5 domains of language would be placed under the following: Content, Form, Use
Content: semantics
Form: morphology, syntax, phonology
Use: pragmatics
What eligibility criteria should we use to determine an assessment measure and intervention targets?
chronological age and developmental norms
What are the 3 areas of assessment for ages birth to three?
Play, gesture, communication
Children with a language disorder typically use which of the following (3):
a. Attribute/entity = big shoe
b. Possessor/possession = Mommy nose
c. Agent/action = Daddy eat
d. Action/object = Hit ball
e. Agent/object = Daddy ball
f. Demonstrative/entity = This ball
c. Agent/action = Daddy eat
d. Action/object = Hit ball
e. Agent/object = Daddy ball
-5 main primary vowels: 2 front and 3 back
-18 consonants
-SSD: cluster reduction, unstressed syllable deletion, stopping, liquid simplification, assimilation
a. African American English (AAE)
b. Spanish
c. Asian Languages
d. European Languages
b. Spanish
Language is a (dynamic/static) system that involves knowledge of human __________ and understanding the demands of the __________.
Language is a dynamic system that involves knowledge of human interaction and understanding the demands of the environment.
Most clinicians and researchers have a diagnostic cutoff of _______.
-1.25/1.25
What protocol might we use to assess a preschooler's language use/pragmatics?
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BONUS:
T/F: It is NOT necessary to wait until comprehension is demonstrated for production of a language target to be taught in intervention.
Peanut Butter Protocol
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TRUE! :)
What are the 4 major goals of preliteracy development during the preschool period?
a. Reading comprehension, narrative & literate language, print concepts, play
b. Phonological awareness, print concepts, alphabet knowledge, narrative & literate language
c. Literate language, vocabulary, narrative comprehension, reading
d. Alphabet knowledge, spelling, phonological awareness, fluency
b. Phonological awareness, print concepts, alphabet knowledge, narrative & literate language
-word final consonant cluster reduction
-deletion of "r" in "er"
-substitution of f/θ or v/voiced "th"
-substitution of /k/ for /t/ in initial "str"
-deletion of /l/ in word final consonants
-deletion of nasal consonant in word-final position with nasalization of proceeding vowel
a. Spanish
b. Asian American
c. African American Dialect (AAE)
d. Southern Dialect
c. African American Dialect (AAE)
1. What are the 2 layers of language? Describe each.
Basic- focus is on the interaction with another person, not super curated content.
Metalinguistic- actively thinking about what we are going to say.
What acronym do we use to represent how to gather data through multiple means and measures for children with language disorders?
HINT: It spells out a real word
RIOT
Review (information from other professionals)
Interview (gather information from family members)
Observe (interactions with peers, in the classroom, using structured tools/checklists)
Test (standardized and criterion referenced, preferably at more than one point in time)
How do we calculate the subordination index in a language sample?
a. t-units / MLU (mean length of utterace)
b. t-units / TNW (total number of words)
c. c-units / t-units
d. clauses / t-units
d. clauses / t-units
List each of Brown's Stages (include age range and typical grammatical morpheme features).
(sorry)
I (12-26 months): about 50 words in vocabulary, basic phrases with communicative intent
II (27-30 months): Present Progressive Tense -ing, Prepositions: in, on, Plural: s
III (31-34 months): Irregular Past Tense, Possessive 's, Uncontractible Copula
IV (35-40 months): articles, Regular Past Tense, Regular Third Person Singular
V (41-46 months): Irregular Third Person Singular Present Tense, Uncontractible Auxiliary, Contractible Copula, Contractible Auxiliary
_____ Level of knowledge-based skills required to provide effective clinical care to patients from different groups
_____ Lifelong process focusing on self-reflection and personal critique, acknowledging one’s own beliefs and values.
_____ Ability to interpret the behaviors and actions of other people through their lens instead of through your own lens
a. cultural humility
b. cultural competence
c. cultural intelligence
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BONUS: T/F- Cultural humility is about cultural intelligence
b. cultural competence
a. cultural humility
c. cultural intelligence
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True :)
Which of the following is generally a strength in children with developmental language disorder?
a. pragmatics
b. semantics
c. morphology
d. phonology
a. pragmatics
What is a T-unit? Are these best for spoken or written language samples?
BONUS: To avoid inaccurate findings, the best segmentation approach for school-age students is the __-unit.
one main clause with all the subordinate clauses and nonclausal phrases attached to or embedded in it.
T-units best for written
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T-unit :)
What are the 4 guiding principles of intervention for school-aged developmental language disorders?
a. Collaborate, Communicate, utilize EBP, Cultural Competence
b. Curriculum-based instruction, Integrate oral/written language, Go Meta, Collaborate
c. Cultural Competence, Collaborate, Go Meta, Naturalistic Intervention
c. Integrate oral/written language, Go Meta, Client-focused, Cirriculum-based instruction
b. Curriculum-based instruction, Integrate oral/written language, Go Meta, Collaborate
List the following stages of play in order from earliest to latest developed. List their age range and describe each.
Cooperative, Parallel, Unoccupied, Spectator/Observation, Solitary, Associative
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BONUS: Play is best observed through ___________.
1. Unoccupied play - 0-3 months
Baby making movements with their arms and legs, hands and feet
2. Solitary Play – 0-2 years
Child plays alone, not really interested in playing with others
3. Spectator/Onlooker Observation – 2 years
Child watches and observes other children playing
4. Parallel Play – 2+ years
Child plays alongside or near others, but not with them
5. Associate Play - 3-4 years
Interactions with others, but not cooperation
6. Cooperative Play – 4+ years
Child plays with others and has interest in both the activity and the other children involved in playing
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Observation :)
What is the difference between a language disorder vs. difference?
(I want your definition to be as ~accurate~ as possible!!)
Disorder: impairment in comprehension and/or use of a spoken, written, and/or other symbol system.
Difference: A rule-governed language style that differs in some way from "standard" usage of the mainstream culture, but is NOT indicative of a limitation in the capacity to learn language.
Which of the following will be intervention targets for school-aged children with DLD?
a. Syntax, semantics, pragmatics
b. Semantics, morphology, phonology
c. Pragmatics, semantics, morphology
d. Phonology, pragmatics, syntax
a. Syntax, semantics, pragmatics
**What does lexical diversity measure? How do we calculate it?**
Measures the child's ability to use flexible, but precise vocabulary.
We calculate this by collecting a 50-utterance language sample and look at the **total number of words (TND) & number of different words (NDW)** separate from TTR calculation.
List 4 forms of assessment other than standardized that we may use for preschool and school-aged children.
Self-assessment, observation, case history/interview, language sampling