Punishments
Corporal punishment delivered in counted strokes with strict limits and procedures.
What is Flogging?
This offense involves offering value to corrupt an official decision.
What is bribery?
This title refers to a jurist qualified to derive Islamic legal rulings directly from foundational sources through ijtihad.
What is a Mujtahid?
The contemporary marja based in Najaf today, known for his scholarly rigor and influential guidance to global Shia communities.
Who is Ayatollah Sistani?
Coming after midday, this prayer is performed before sunset.
What is the afternoon prayer (Asr)?
This punishment removes an offender from a community or region for a set period.
What is exile (banishment)?
Charging exploitative interest on loans is condemned as this financial sin.
What is usury (riba)?
Meaning “one to be followed,” this authority issues legal opinions and is emulated by laypeople in practical rulings.
What is a Marja (Marjaʿ al‑Taqlid)?
The marja and revolutionary leader who authored Tahrir al‑Wasila and guided Iran’s 1979 transformation.
Who is Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini?
A special prayer performed during events like eclipses or quakes.
What is the prayer of signs (Salat al‑Ayat)?
Monetary compensation paid to the victim or heirs for injury or unlawful killing.
What is Diya (blood money)?
Withholding essential goods to spike prices is punished as this market manipulation.
What is Hoarding (ihtikar)?
Students who have advanced in religious studies but are not yet independent jurists are commonly known by this scholarly title.
Who are Talaba (or seminarians)?
A contemporary marja and faqih who succeeded Ayatollah Khomeini as Iran’s Supreme Leader, issuing fatwas and practical rulings.
Who is Ayatollah Ali Khamenei?
After circling the Kaaba, pilgrims perform this two‑unit prayer.
What is the prayer after Tawaf?
“An eye for an eye”
What is Qisas (retaliation)?
Charging unfairly high prices, especially in scarcity, is punished as this.
What is price gouging (overpricing)?
This figure leads advanced study circles and trains future jurists in usul al‑fiqh and hadith methodology.
Who is a Hawza teacher or senior scholar?
A 19th‑century jurist often cited among the first recognized as marja al‑taqlid, foundational for Usuli methodology.
Who is Murtadha al‑Ansari?
This congregational rite is offered for a deceased Muslim before burial.
What is the funeral prayer(Solat Mayyit)?
A remedial act—such as feeding the poor, fasting, or freeing a slave—performed to atone for specific violations.
What is expiation (Kaffara)?
Delivering less than promised in weight or measure constitutes this deceitful practice.
What is shortchanging(under-measuring)?
This role involves overseeing consistency of legal opinions and scholarly output within a seminary or office of a Marja.
Who is a representative (wakil) or research supervisor (muhaqqiq)?
Najaf’s 20th‑century grand authority whose vast seminary produced many leading jurists, including Sayyid Ali al‑Sistani.
Who is Grand Ayatollah Abu al‑Qasim al‑Khu’i?
Missed obligatory prayers are completed later under this category.
What is a make‑up prayer (Qada)?