Gaseous Combustion
The percent of vapor in air required for combustion.
What is the flammable range?
The colour of the hottest flame (highest recorded tempertures).
What is a blue flame?
Fuel source in this orientation will only spread via this form of heat tranfer.
What is horizontally?
It is indicated on a HRR curve as the number of peaks.
What is the total number of different fuel sources?
It compares the density of a liquid or solid to that of water.
What is specific gravity?
This carbon based product of pyrolysis serves to insulate the unburnt solid fuel from the heat source.
What is char?
The characteristics of smoke include colour, volume, density, and this.
What is velocity?
The ability of a solid material to conduct heat enery away from its surface.
What is thermal inertia?
Modern day calorimetry used to calculate the HRR of a fuel measures this property of a fire.
What is oxygen consumption?
The lowest temperature at which vapours of a material will ignite when provided an ignition source.
What is flash point?
It can affect the burning characteristics of many solid fuel sources.
What is the moisture content?
This colour of smoke is often found during the early stages of a structure fire and is an indication of steam?
What is white smoke?
A solid that absorbs heat energy more readily and does not transfer it as quickly through the material to the opposite side is said to have this property.
What is thermally thick?
This calorimeter is used for small scale fuel sources (0.1 m x 0.1 m).
What is a cone calorimeter?
The lowest temperature at which the vapour of that fuel will continue to burn for at least 5 seconds after ignition by an open flame.
What is fire point?
The combustion of a solid fuel without the production of a flame.
This gas is likely produced when the pilot flame in your gas fireplace is yellow or orange.
What is carbon monoxide?
This is used to reduce either the ignitability or combustibility of a substance.
Early measurements of HRR relied on these two theoretical properties.
What are heats of combustion and mass rate loss?
The flammable range can be decreased by removing the concentration of this gas.
What is the oxygen concentration?
For a fuel source that does not undergo pyrolysis, it is the two processes that allow it to become a gas.
What are melting and vaporization (evaporation)?
The increased velocity and appearance of turbulent smoke are precursors to this fire phenomena.
What is flashover?
This is the single most important variable in a fire.
What is the heat release rate (heat transfer)?
This property of a fuel source can cause the HRR curve to shift to the right (meaning it takes longer to burn).
What is the moisture content of the fuel source?