First Aid
1. Recognize
2. Assess
3. Act
What does ABC stand for
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Where are the two areas that you can check for pulse
On your neck or on your arm/wrist
What factors can lead to a spinal injuries
- A fall
- Blow or impact to spinal column
- Head first entry to shallow water
What is the Rice acronym
Rest
Immobilize
Cold
Elevate
What are the goals of first aid
Preserve life
Prevent further injury
Promote recovery
What is the difference between a mild and severe obstruction
Severe does not allow for any air to pass by the object
What are the 5 vital signs that we need to check
1. consciousness
2. breathing
3. pulse
4. skin condition
5. pupils
How do you treat a mouth or dental injury
maintain open airway
salvage teeth if required
Treat for shock
Call EMS if severe
How much area of your body needs to be covered in a second degree burn to phone EMS
1%
What is the chain of survival used for?
Reduce mortality associated with cardiac arrest
Where is the landmark for adults and infants for CPR
Adult is in between nipples on sternum
Infant is one finger width below nipple line
What are the main steps in a secondary assessment
1. Victim and incident history
2. Check vitals signs
3. Head to toe examination
4. Recheck vitals
What are 3 symptoms to arc flash
Exposure to intense light, Pain, Red eyes, Sensitivity to light, Watery eyes, Blurred vision, Feeling something in eyes
What are the four common ways that poison can enter the body
Ingested, Injected, Inhaled, Absorbed
5 Rights of administrating Medication
Right medication, Right person, Right time, Right amount, Right method
What is the FAST acronym used for and what is it
Used to help suspected stroke victim
Face, Arms, Speech, Time
What type of seizure requires emergency first aid action
Tonic-clonic (grand mal)
How long does a nose bleed have to be to phone EMS
over 20 minutes
What are the 6 different environment injuries
Frostbite
Heat Cramps/Exhaustion
Heat stroke
Hypothermia
Trenchfoot
Snow blindness
What is the first aider protocol
1. Gain permission if victim is conscious
2. Act reasonably within scope of training
3. continue until someone more qualified takes over v
What is the treatment process for major bleeding
1. Phone EMS
2. Rest affected body part
3. Direct pressure
4. Tourniquet is last resort
What type of wound do you not want to apply direct pressure to?
Embedded object
How do you treat a foreign object in the eye
Do not remove, if object is floating you may flush, if unable to remove phone EMS or suggest they see a doctor, encourage them to keep their eye still
Name 5 different wounds
Abrasion, Contusion, Incision, Avulsion, Laceration, Puncture, Amputation, Embedded object