Foundations
You should wash your hands for at least _____ seconds before (if possible) and after giving care.
20
When giving breaths during CPR, about how long should each breath last?
1 second
True or false: AEDs are not always recommended when giving CPR.
False - AEDs give the victim the best chance for surviving cardiac arrest
When caring for a responsive choking adult or child with a severely blocked airway, how many back blows and abdominal thrusts should you give in each cycle?
5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts (pull inward & upward)
True or false: The American Red Cross does not recommend calling 911 for concussions.
False
When an emergency happens, what should you do first?
Check the scene for safety
If you are unable or unwilling for any reason to give full CPR (chest compressions with breaths) to an adult, what should you do?
Give continuous chest compressions
In what two circumstances do you need to say "CLEAR" when using an AED?
1. While the AED is analyzing the victim's heart rhythm
2. Before you deliver a shock
List two signs that may indicate a person is choking with a severely blocked airway and needs immediate care.
Universal sign for choking (hands clutched around neck), they cannot speak/cry/cough, they are making only high-pitched noises
What two factors do you need to pay attention to when determining if someone is experiencing life-threatening bleeding?
Volume and flow
You see a person collapse in front of you while waiting in line at the bank. When you check them, you determine they are unresponsive and not breathing. What should you do next?
Call 9-1-1 or tell someone to do so and get equipment
How should your arms be positioned when performing CPR?
Shoulders directly over your hands, elbows locked, heel of your hand in the center of victim's chest, fingers interlocked
You are performing CPR on a victim when another bystander arrives with an AED. What should you do while the bystander takes out the AED, turns it on, and applies the pads on the victim?
Continue CPR
If you are giving care to a responsive choking infant with a severely blocked airway, what should you give in addition to back blows?
Chest thrusts (press down in the center of the chest using two fingers)
When assisting a responsive person experiencing a sudden illness, what are the guidelines for administering medication?
Offer to get the medication and ask them to verify if it is correct. Help assemble the medication device if needed. Do not administer the medication for them.
You are working when you hear a thud and someone yell out that a person has collapsed. The scene is safe, but the person appears unresponsive. What should you do next?
Check the person for responsiveness using the shout-tap-shout sequence
When giving breaths to an adult, you should open the airway by tilting the head past _________.
Neutral
Where are AED pads typically placed on an adult victim? (always follow the manufacturer diagrams for placement)
Upper right and lower left sides of the chest. Also, always ensure that ADULT pads are being used (not pediatric or infant).
For a choking adult, the correct hand placement when giving abdominal thrusts is just above the ____________ and the correct place to strike them when performing back blows is between the ______________.
Navel (belly button), shoulder blades
Summarize the recommended care for burns.
Place the burned area under clean, cool running water. If EMS is delayed, wrap the burn in a clean, sterile dressing or use plastic wrap if necessary.
What does SAM stand for?
Signs and symptoms
Allergies
Medications and medical conditions
You should give chest compressions to an adult at a depth of at least ___ inches and at a rate of _________ compressions per minute.
At least 2 inches
Rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute
List three circumstances in which you should stop CPR/AED use.
You notice an obvious sign of life, EMS personnel arrive and begin their care, you are alone and too exhausted to continue, the scene becomes unsafe, a valid DNR is presented
If a responsive choking person becomes unresponsive, what do you also need to do in between compressions and breaths?
Look for an object in the mouth/throat and perform a finger sweep if necessary.
What does FAST stand for when it comes to stroke first aid?
Facial drooping/weakness
Arm or grip weakness
Speech disturbances or slurred speech
Time of when signs/symptoms began