Wounds & Fx
What is the difference between an open wound and a closed wound?
An open wound breaks the skin; a closed wound damages underlying tissues without breaking the skin.
What does DRABC stand for?
Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation
When should you perform a secondary survey?
After completing the primary survey, addressing immediate life threats, and determining that the patient is stable enough for further assessment.
An athlete scrapes their knee on the turf. The wound is minor and bleeding slightly. What should you do?
Use appropriate PPE, clean the wound, cover it with a dressing, and monitor for problems.
What does PPE stand for, and what is one example used in sports medicine?
Personal Protective Equipment. Examples include gloves, eye protection, face shields, and CPR barrier masks.
What type of wound is a superficial scrape caused by sliding across pavement or turf?
Abrasion
What does AVPU stand for when assessing a patient's responsiveness?Give examples of each level!
Alert, Voice or verbal, pain, unresponsive
What are the two main parts of a secondary survey?
Patient history and physical examination.
A soccer player rolls their ankle and has pain and swelling. What type of support might be appropriate, and what should you check?
An elastic wrap may provide compression and support. Check CSM before and after applying it.
What are the three bloodborne pathogens discussed in our BBP lecture?
Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV), and HIV.
What are the three components of CSM that should be checked before and after splinting?
Circulation, Sensation, Movement
A patient is unresponsive and only gasping occasionally. Is this normal breathing, and what should you do?
No. Gasping is not normal breathing. Activate EMS, get an AED, and begin CPR.
What does the acronym SAMPLE stand for?
Signs/Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last oral intake, Events leading up to the injury or illness.
You find a patient who is awake and breathing normally but complains of dizziness. After completing the primary survey, what should you do next?
Perform a secondary survey, gather SAMPLE history, assess the patient, and obtain vital signs as appropriate.
What are the normal resting ranges for heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation taught in class?
HR: 60–100 bpm; RR: 12–20 breaths/min; SpO₂: 95–100%.
An athlete has a visibly deformed forearm. Should you straighten it before splinting? Explain.
No. Splint the injury in the position found, avoid forcing the limb into alignment, and minimize movement.
What are the two main jobs of an AED during cardiac arrest?
Analyze the heart's electrical rhythm and deliver a shock when appropriate.
What does MOI stand for, and why is it important during a patient assessment?
Mechanism of Injury. It helps explain how the injury happened and guides what the responder should assess.
A player has severe bleeding from an arm wound. Direct pressure is not controlling it. What additional bleeding-control method may be appropriate?
Apply a tourniquet for life-threatening extremity bleeding, following training, while ensuring EMS is activated.
When taking manual blood pressure, what do the first Korotkoff sound and disappearance of the sounds represent?
First sound: Systolic pressure. Disappearance: Diastolic pressure.
A patient has a suspected forearm fracture. Explain how a splint and a sling serve different purposes.
A splint immobilizes and protects the injured area; a sling supports the arm and helps limit movement.
What are the three steps represented by the ABCs of bleeding control?
A: Alert emergency services. B: Bleeding—find the source. C: Compress using direct pressure, wound packing, or a tourniquet when indicated.
You are halfway through a secondary survey when the patient's breathing suddenly becomes abnormal. What should you do, and why?
Stop the secondary survey and return to the primary survey because immediate threats to life take priority.
During a game, a player collapses and is unresponsive, with only occasional gasps. Your team has four responders. Explain how you would organize the response.
One checks responsiveness and breathing; one activates EMS and retrieves the AED; one begins CPR; and one assists with CPR/AED use and prepares to rotate compressors.
A patient's blood pressure is 118/76 mmHg. Explain what each number represents and identify the units used.
118: Systolic pressure, when the heart contracts. 76: Diastolic pressure, when the heart relaxes between beats. Blood pressure is measured in mmHg.