General First Aid
Name at least 4 things you should have in your personal first aid kit
Band-Aids, sterile gauze pads, adhesive tape, moleskin, soap, antiseptic, scissors, latex gloves, mouth-barrier device, eye protection, pencil & paper.
What is a sign of frost-bite?
Cold skin, numbness, grayish-yellow skin
One a backpacking trip, you see an injured individual inside the cave. What do you do?
1. Call 9-1-1 and describe the situation and your location. 2. Before entering cave, check the scene carefully if there are any other dangers. 3. Keep the victim calm. Have him take small sips of water. 4. Check the victim for other injuries.
What is a closed fracture?
A broken bone that does not cut through the skin.
What should you put on a small cut that is bleeding?
Band-aid
What is the one thing you should treat every accident victim for?
Shock
What is dehydration?
If a person gives off (breathing, sweating, urination, digestion) more water than he takes in, he is suffering from dehydration.
While visiting a friend, you notice that your friend's father is doing some work on his computer out by the pool. When his father was distracted by cellphone rings, your friend's 2-year-old brother trips over the computer's power cord and splashes into the pool. What do you do?
1. Do not go strait to the child! Instead, first make sure the live power cord is away from the water. 2. With the electric cord clearly away from the pool, grab the baby. 3. With the baby out of the water, get everyone a safe distance from the fool.
What is a closed fracture?
A broken bone piercing the skin (fracture plus open wound).
What is the universal sign for choking?
Hands clutched to the throat
What does CPR stand for?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
What are 3 of the ways to help a victim of hypothermia?
1. Take the victim into a shelter & get in warm, dry clothes. 2. Zip into dry sleeping bag or cover with blankets, coats. 3. Offer hot liquids (hot chocolate, soup). 4. Give water bottles filled with warm fluid to hold in the armpit and groin areas. 5. If possible, have the victim breathe warm, moist air. 6. Be ready to provide other first aid, if necessary. 7. Seek medical attention for the victim.
On a hike through a park, you come across a man walking in a patch of plants with leaves that are grouped in threes. When you ask him if he's OK, he points out a red rash on his arms and legs. How to handle this situation?
1. The man has likely come in contact with poison ivy. 2. Avoid touching the poison ivy yourself! Make sure the scene is safe. Identify yourself as being trained in first aid and ask if he wants you to help. 3. Move the victim away from the plants. Wear gloves to prevent contact with the sap of the plant. Treat by wiping the area with rubbing alcohol and then apply calamine or another soothing lotion.
What are symptoms of a 2nd degree burn?
Blisters, peeling, thickening of the skin - 2nd degree burns are more serious because the damage extends beyond the top layer of the skin.
The groove to the side of the neck (carotid artery) is a good place to check the pulse. True/False
True
Should you ever move an accident victim with serious injuries before help arrives?
Yes, if the victim is in immediate danger: for example, in a river or in the path of a fire.
No, if the victim is not in immediate danger.
Name 5 steps to treating Heatstroke.
1. Move victim to cool, shady spot. 2. Cool any way you can: remove outer clothing & sponge with cool water; cover with wet towels; place in cool water; fan; etc. 3. Keep victim lying down with head & shoulders slightly raised. 4. Monitor victim closely. 5. Get emergency help right away.
On a hike at extreme elevation, an adult leader starts experiencing headaches, shortness of breath and dizziness. He then falls to the ground and throws up. How to handle this situation.
1.It looks like the leader is suffering from altitude sickness. 2. Wear gloves if you must come in contact with bodily fluids. Help the victim to a lower elevation. He will likely be unsteady and will need support walking down the mountain. 3. Give the victim small sips of water. 4. Treat the victim for shock. 5. The symptoms of altitude sickness usually subside shortly once you reach a lower altitude. If the leader continues to feel ill, call 911.
Do 3rd Degree burns cause alot of pain? Why?
No, 3rd Degree burns do not cause much pain because the nerve endings are destroyed.
Name two types of leaves that are poisonous
Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac,
Giant Hogweed, Stinging Nettle, (Etc)
What is the "Good Samaritan Law"?
Laws that protect anyone from making a good faith effort the help the victim of an injury or illness. Whenever you are confronted with a first aid emergency, use the skills you have to the best of your ability. No one expects you to have the knowledge of a physician but you can use your training to help until professional medical attention is available.
Name 5 symptoms of Heat Exhaustion.
1. Pale, clammy skin 2. Nausea 3. Fatigue 4. Dizziness/fainting 5. Headache 6. Muscle cramps 7. Weakness
On a Boy Scout hike in very hot weather, you come across a man who looks very pale and weak and is breathing rapidly. His skin is extremely warm to the touch, he seems confused and irritable, and his speech is not clear. You notice his water bottle is empty. What do you do?
1. It appears the man is suffering from heatstroke. Make sure the scene is safe. Identify yourself as being trained in first aid and ask if he wants help. 2. Have one member of your unit call 911 while the others tend to the victim. 3. Get the man to a shady spot, fan him to cool him off and have him sip water.
Why are thigh (femur) fractures especially dangerous?
Because the upper leg muscles are strong enough to pull the ends of a broken thighbone into the flesh which can cause serious internal bleeding. The "femoral artery" can also be nicked by a moving broken bone. The patient should not be moved until a traction splint has been applied by trained personnel. A thigh fracture can pose a serious threat to the victim's life.
What are Hurry Cases?
Hurry cases are conditions that threaten a victim's life: - stopped breathing - no heartbeat - severe breathing - internal poisoning