BANDAGE
To control severe bleeds.
Direct pressure
Cool, Clammy, and Pale
What does AED stand for?
Automated
External
Defibrillator
Numbness, fatigue, irritability, slurred speech, uncontrollable shivering, poor judgement.
Hypothermia
This is how you treat a bruise.
Ice the area for 10-15 minutes every hour
"Can I help you?" "Yes/no"
If unconscious, assume consent is given
For infants, ask their parent/guardian
Pain or pressure in the chest, back, and neck area. Denial of symptoms, confusion, weakness and nausea, weak/rapid pulse, trouble breathing
Heart attack
Victim types
Distressed non-swimmer, injured victim, weak/tired swimmer, unconscious victim
This is used to control bleeding and ___ open wounds.
Bandages
This is when you should treat for shock.
Every emergency you respond to
What does CPR mean?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
The skin is exposed to temperatures cold enough that ice crystals begin to form in the tissues.
Frostbite
Flush with cool running water, apply sterile dressing, treat for shock, call 911 if large area is burned, victim is a child, or is in moderate/severe shock
Hyperventilation is...
When a person breathes faster or deeper than normal, causing CO2 blood levels to decrease and fainting.
Jewelry used to communicate medical information
Medical Alert bracelet, necklace, or card
A serious illness that can sometimes result when bacteria from rusty metal is introduced through cuts, abrasions, and other breaks in the skin.
Tetanus
Should you keep a victim warm or cold?
Warm
What does RICE mean, and what type of injury do you use it for?
Rest, Immobilize, Cool, Elevate
Bone & Joint Injuries (sprain/strain, closed and open fractures)
This is brought on by a combination of a lack of fluids and hot temperatures.
Heat Exhaustion
This is how you treat for sprains, strains, closed, and open fractures
Acronym RICE
*Open fractures require you to place a clean bandage over the wound to control any bleeding
Personal protection equipment (PPE)
Face mask, safety glasses, gloves, one-way valve mask
Treatment for anaphylaxis (with an epi-pen)
Call 911, ask a bystander to get their epi-pen/medication, assist with delivering medication, reassess ABC's, treat for shock
Right person, time, method, medication
Treatment for minor wounds with little to no bleeding.
Clean it and put on an adhesive bandage (ie. Band-Aid)
The position you should place an unconscious victim in, or optionally a conscious victim.
Semi-prone position/Recovery position
What does FAST mean, and for which medical condition is it used?
Face, Arm, Speech, Time
Stroke
Without enough fluids, it can happen in hot weather as well as cold weather. May also occur after swimming for long periods.
Dehydration
True or False: "Elevate" in RICE means to move a broken limb, even if it causes pain to the victim, to heart level to promote blood return to the heart
False. Moving a broken limb may cause extra pain and injury. To elevate, ask your victim to lie down
Position a patient with a nosebleed
Pinch nose and lean forward
An artery to the brain bursts or is blocked by a clot.
Stroke
When to call 911 (hurry cases)
Altered consciousness (disoriented), not breathing, no heartbeat/pulse, severe bleeding, ingested poison, stroke, asthma, heat stroke, hypothermia
Treatment for severe and life-threatening bleeding
Call 911, apply direct pressure with bandages, apply more bandages if it bleeds through, treat for shock when bleeding is controlled
Untreated shock may lead to...
Passing out from a drop in blood pressure, degradation of the ABCs, lifelong complications from organ death/impairment, or death (if the shock is severe enough)
What is WARTS, and when do you use it?
Warmth, ABC's, Rest and Reassurance, Treatment, Semi-prone position
When treating for shock
The body's cooling system begins to fail and core temperatures rise above 105 degrees. Victim is not sweating
Heat Stroke
Splints are always used to immobilize a strain, sprain, or potentially broken limb.
Splints should be used only if you have to move your victim. Otherwise, immobilize it by asking them not to move the affected area
How to perform CPR
30 compressions, 2 breaths. Breaths first if you pull someone out from the water.
Push 1/3 of chest depth for adults and kids and 2 inches for infants
Go until victim's condition changes, or you are relieved by another rescuer or EMS
A victim is going into __ if they do not have a heartbeat.
Cardiac arrest
*A rescuer must begin CPR and obtain an AED, or significant damage to vital organs will occur due to oxygen deprivation
TIA (transient ischemic attack)
Temporary stroke that is managed with medication.
Treat like a stroke (assess ABCs, call 911, put them in recovery position on the side they can feel, loosen tight clothes, treat shock)