CPR
What does CPR stand for ?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
What is the first step before starting CPR?
Check the scene for safety
What is the purpose of the recovery position?
To keep the airway clear and open in an unconscious, breathing victim
When should you start CPR on an unconscious choking victim?
After confirming that the victim is not breathing and is unresponsive.
How can you protect yourself from disease transmission while performing CPR?
Use a CPR mask or face shield to provide breaths.
How do you check for responsiveness in a victim?
Tap the person and shout "Are you Okay"
The 3 most important things to say to 911 when witnessing an accident.
Name , Address & phone number
What does ABCD stand for ?
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Deadly bleeding.
How long should you perform CPR before checking for signs of life?
Perform CPR continuously without pausing to check for signs of life unless an AED is ready to use.
What is the first step when encountering a collapsed victim?
Check the scene for safety.
What is the correct ratio of chest compressions to breaths for an adult?
30 compression to 2 breaths
What is a trip plan?
How should you position your elbows during chest compressions?
Keep your elbows straight and use your upper body weight to perform compressions.
If a victim has a pulse but is not breathing, what should you do?
Provide rescue breaths at a rate of one breath every 5-6 seconds.
What is the difference between 1st , 2nd and 3rd degree burns?
1st redness
2nd blister
Charred
Where should your hands be placed to perform chest compressions on an adult?
On the center of the chest, on the lower half of the sternum.
How long should you perform CPR before switching with another rescuer?
Every 2 minutes or 5 cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths.
Why is it important to minimize interruptions in chest compressions during CPR?
To maintain blood flow to the heart and brain.
When using an AED on a child under 8 years old, what type of pads should you use?
Pediatric pads, if available. If not, use adult pads but ensure they do not touch
How do you determine if a victim needs CPR?
Check for responsiveness and breathing; if unresponsive and not breathing or only gasping, start CPR.
How deep should chest compressions be for an adult?
At least 2 inches (5 cm).
What are the key hazards you should look for during a scene assessment?Give 3 examples
Electrical, structure , water, gas , glass, guns , knives , bad guys, Fire , Wire
What should you do if a choking victim becomes unconscious?
Start CPR, beginning with chest compressions.
What is agonal breathing, and how should it be treated?
Agonal breathing is an irregular, gasping breath that is not effective. Treat it as no breathing and start CPR.
Emergency Action Principles has 4 stages. What are they?
Scene Survey
Primary Survey
Secondary Survey
Ongoing casualty care
How often should you switch with another rescuer during CPR?
Every 2 minutes to avoid fatigue.
During a scene survey, how do you prioritize multiple casualties in a mass casualty incident?
Prioritize based on the severity of injuries using triage principles, focusing first on those with life-threatening but treatable conditions
Why is defibrillation important in the case of sudden cardiac arrest?
It can restore a normal heart rhythm and improve the chances of survival.
How do you recognize when to perform CPR on a drowning victim?
If the victim is unresponsive and not breathing normally after being removed from the water.
What should you do if the victim has dentures and needs CPR?
Leave the dentures in place unless they obstruct the airway.
What is the rate of chest compressions per minute?
100-120 compressions per minute.
What actions should be taken if the scene is unsafe but there is a victim in need of urgent care?
If the scene is unsafe, do not enter. Instead, call for professional help and try to make the area safe if possible without endangering yourself
What is the recovery position for a woman who is pregnant?
On her back with a pillow under her lower back.
What special consideration should be taken when providing CPR to a victim with a suspected spinal injury?
Keep the head and neck as still as possible while performing CPR
How do you handle a situation where the victim vomits during CPR?
Turn the victim on their side, clear the mouth, and continue CPR.
What does AED stand for?
Automated External Defibrillator.
How do you determine if additional resources (e.g., fire, police) are needed at the scene?
Assess the scene for hazards, the number of casualties, and any potential threats that could require specialized assistance
What should you do if an AED gives a "no shock advised" message, but the victim remains unresponsive?
Continue CPR immediately.
What is the most common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious adult?
Alcohol & The tongue falling back into the throat.
What is an avulsion ?
skin torn away from the body. Could also be a small piece of bone that is attached to a tendon or ligament gets pulled away from the main part of the bone.
What is the purpose of CPR?
To maintain circulation and breathing until advanced care arrives.
What does mechanism of the injury mean ?
How it happened.
Why might a victim of sudden cardiac arrest not benefit from CPR alone?
Without defibrillation, certain types of cardiac arrest, like ventricular fibrillation, may not respond to CPR alone.
When you take a breath, the air you inhale contains about how much oxygen out of 100.
21% oxygen.
What is the correct sequence of actions in the chain of survival?
Early recognition and activation of emergency response, early CPR, rapid defibrillation, effective advanced care, and integrated post-cardiac arrest care.