Basic First Aid
The first question you must ask before you respond to any first aid situation
A. Age of the injured or ill person
B. Safety of the scene
C. Nature of the injury
D. Time of the injury
What is B. Ensuring the safety of the scene is critical. Avoid making yourself another injured/ill person.
Treatment for a minor burn (1st degree)
A. Apply ice directly to the burn
B. Run the burn under cool water
C. Apply butter to the burn
D. Cover it with a thick cloth
What is B. Run the burn under cool water
Which of the following are considered personal protective equipment?
A. Gloves
B. Mask
C. Eyeshield
D. All of the above
What is D. All of the above
Personal protective equipment is essential when responding to any first aid or emergency situation.
It is difficult to predict if the person will vomit, is bleeding, or is seriously injured.
This is caused when one’s body temperature exceeds 104°F. If untreated, it can lead to seizures, confusion, loss of consciousness, and even a coma. Common symptoms are throbbing headaches, dizziness, a lack of sweating despite warm weather, or a feeling of weakness.
What is heatstroke.
If you suspect someone of having heatstroke, immediately call 911. Sit them down in a cool, shady area, and try to lower their body temperature. To prevent heat exhaustion and heatstroke, stay hydrated, wear sun protection and refrain from strenuous activity at the warmest time of day.
In the BSA, ABC acronym is a basic sequence to check when assessing someone in an emergency situation that stands for
What is "Airway, Breathing, Circulation.".
This is a basic sequence to check when assessing someone in an emergency situation, prioritizing checking if their airway is clear, if they are breathing, and then checking for circulation.
Key points about the "ABC" acronym:
The recommended way to remove a tick
A. Burn it off with a match
B. Pull it straight out with tweezers
C. Cover it with nail polish
D. Cut it out with a knife
What is B. Pull it straight out with tweezers
First aid for these burns includes turning off the power source, cooling the burn, and covering it loosely with a clean cloth or bandage.
What is Electrical Burns.
Electrical burns can be worse than they look on the surface. If you have an electrical burn from lightning, electrical wires, or household objects, see a healthcare provider promptly. If you are assisting someone, do not touch them if they are still in contact with the source of the electrical shock or burn.
Try to keep them warm and drape a clean cloth over the affected area. Do not use materials with fibers that may become stuck to the wound.
The TWO best ways to stop or slow bleeding
A Press very firmly directly on the wound
B Put a dressing on the wound
C Raise the injured part (above their heart)
D Raise their legs. Apply dressing or other clean material
E Put them in the recovery position.
What is
A Press very firmly directly on the wound
AND
C Raise the injured part (above their heart)
This is caused by one’s core body temperature falling below 95°F.
What is Hypothermia.
While symptoms of mild hypothermia include shivering and confusion, in more dangerous cases the victim will not have enough energy to continue shivering and may fall unconscious.
If you notice someone is experiencing hypothermia, immediately warm them using extra clothing, fire, or through body heat. Do not suddenly re-warm the victim by placing them in a hot shower though, as this could lead to rewarming shock. Instead, re-warm them gradually.
The critical life-saving technique used when the heart stops beating (cardiac arrest) or when someone stops breathing.
What is CPR - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
The ‘normal’ number of breaths per minute for an adult
A. 20-40
B. 30-60
C. 8-10
D. 12-20
What is D. 12-20
Treatment for these burns will depend on the severity of the burn, which is determined by the amount of body surface area that has been affected. These burns reach the layers of fat and other structures under the skin and can be life-threatening.
What is Third-degree burns.
If someone has a severe burn with skin that looks charred or white, call 911 or seek medical care immediately.
Be sure to take these steps in the meantime:
The treatment for a nose bleed is-
A Use direct pressure, elevation and pressure points to control the bleeding
B Tilt the head back and tightly squeeze the nostrils
C Have the victim lean forward. Apply gentle pressure on the nostril. Apply cold towels.
D Lay the victim on his back and treat for shock. Apply heat if available
What is C Have the victim lean forward. Apply gentle pressure on the nostril. Apply cold towels.
Some symptoms include a flushed face, lack of sweat, or feeling of weakness. This is a potentially fatal condition that can result in lowered blood pressure, dizziness, and fainting.
What is dehydration.
Dehydration occurs when the body does not consume enough water. Some symptoms of dehydration include a flushed face, lack of sweat, or feeling of weakness. This is a potentially fatal condition that can result in lowered blood pressure, dizziness, and fainting.
To treat dehydration, encourage the victim to rest and replenish their body with water and electrolytes. Hydrate the victim slowly to avoid water intoxication and electrolyte imbalance.
This is essential for protecting both the first responder and the patient from infection and contamination.
Some examples- gloves and masks
What is PPE - Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is essential for protecting both the first responder and the patient from infection and contamination:
Gloves: Used to prevent contact with bodily fluids.
Masks: Protect against airborne pathogens and droplets.
Goggles: Shield the eyes from splashes of blood or other fluids.
Gowns: Provide a barrier against contamination of the responder's clothing.
Treatment for this is to move your victim to a cool place, remove excess clothing, and apply cool, wet towels or ice packs.
What is heatstroke?
The 3 C's of burn care.
What are cool, clean, and cover.
Cool- Run cool water over the burn for at least 10 minutes to reduce pain and prevent further tissue damage. Apply cool water up to three hours after the burn to reduce the extent of the injury.
Clean- Use mild soap and water or mild antibacterial wash. Debride large blisters, but leave small blisters and blisters on the palms or soles intact.
Cover -Use topical antibiotic ointments or creams with absorbent or specialized burn dressing materials. Splints can provide support and comfort for certain burned areas.
What is a tourniquet, 2-3 inches above the wound.
The tourniquet should be placed between the wound and the heart. Do not apply a tourniquet over a joint, such as an elbow, knee, wrist, or ankle. (Joints protect blood passageways and prevent the pressure needed to stop an arterial bleed.)
The five most common signs-
1 Chest pain or discomfort
2 Pain in other parts of the body: Pain that spreads from the chest to the arms, jaw, neck, back, or shoulders
3 Shortness of breath
4 Sweating: Sweating or a cold sweat
5 Feeling light-headed or faint
Other symptoms include:
What is a heart attack.
Heart attacks can vary from mild to severe, and some people have no symptoms. Most heart attacks start slowly, with mild pain or discomfort.
If you suspect a heart attack, call 911 immediately. Chewing and swallowing an aspirin can help thin the blood and potentially save a life.
RICE is the mnemonic for treating soft tissue injuries like sprains, strains, and bruises.
RICE stands for what?
What is Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
Rest: Avoid using the injured area to prevent further damage.
Ice: Apply ice packs wrapped in a cloth to reduce swelling and numb the area, typically for 20 minutes at a time.
Compression: Use an elastic bandage to apply gentle pressure, reducing swelling and providing support.
Elevation: Keep the injured area raised above heart level to minimize swelling.
The correct technique for using an automated external defibrillator (AED)
A Apply the pads directly on the chest without removing clothing
B Place one pad on the chest and the other on the back
C Rub the pads together to warm them before applying
D Press the pads firmly on the bare chest as indicated by the AED
What is D Press the pads firmly on the bare chest as indicated by the AED
Burns approximately 1% of the body should seek medical attention. This area of the body demonstrates 1%. What is this body part?
What is the palm?
The Rule of Palm assumes that the palm (including the fingers) of the person who is burned is about 1% of the body.
It is important to keep in mind the golden rule of burn management: If someone has a burn on his or her body exceeding the size of the palm of his or her own hand, where blisters are present, burns to genitalia, face or to any flexion point, this person should seek medical attention.
What is 15 minutes.
These reactions cause immediate and severe swelling in the neck and face, as well as difficulty breathing. This reaction can lead to suffocation, and prove fatal if left untreated.
What is anaphylactic reactions.
In individuals with severe allergies to bee venom, shellfish, or nuts just one small amount could result in a fatal reaction called anaphylaxis. Anaphylactic reactions cause immediate and severe swelling in the neck and face, as well as difficulty breathing. This reaction can lead to suffocation, and prove fatal if left untreated.
Acronym used to recognize a stroke
What is FAST or BEFAST.
Both acronyms used to help people recognize stroke symptoms. BEFAST is an updated version of FAST that includes balance and eye changes
B – Balance
The person may suddenly have trouble with balance or coordination.
E – Eyes
They could experience sudden blurred, double or total loss of vision. This can happen in one or both eyes.
F – Face
Do you notice one side of their face drooping? Ask the person to smile.
A – Arms
Are they experiencing weakness in one arm? If they raise both arms, does one drift down?
S – Speech
Is speech slurred, are they unable to speak or are they hard to understand? Ask the person to repeat a short sentence like, “Remember the Alamo.” Do they repeat the sentence correctly?
T – Time to get help
If you notice any of these symptoms, call 911 and get the person to a hospital immediately.