Bones, Joints, & Sprains
What does R.I.C.E. stand for in injury treatment?
Rest, Immobilize, Cold, Elevate
What is the first step in treating a bleeding wound?
Apply direct pressure
What are two main signs of a heart attack?
Chest pain/pressure, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea
What’s the key difference between a concussion and compression?
Concussion = mild injury
Compression = pressure on brain (serious)
What’s the first thing to do when someone falls?
Check for scene safety and assess for head/spinal injury
Compound fracture
A bone that breaks through the skin
What’s the difference between a dressing and a bandage?
Dressing covers the wound; bandage holds the dressing in place
What are the FAST signs of a stroke?
Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call 911
Name one sign of a head injury.
Confusion, headache, unequal pupils, vomiting, loss of memory
Why should you not move someone with a suspected spinal injury?
Movement can cause permanent damage
What’s the difference between a sprain and a strain?
Sprain = ligament injury
Strain = muscle/tendon injury
What kind of bandage should you use for a knee or elbow injury?
Figure-eight (triangular) bandage
What should you give a conscious diabetic person who is weak and shaky? No test kit
Sugar (juice, candy, glucose tablet)
How should you treat a nosebleed?
Sit forward, pinch soft part of nose for 10–15 minutes
What’s the recovery position used for?
To keep the airway clear for an unconscious breathing victim
What should you always check after applying a splint or sling?
Circulation, sensation, and movement (CSM)
When should you use a tourniquet?
Only when direct pressure fails to stop life-threatening bleeding
If someone faints, what position should you place them in?
Semi-prone or flat on their back, legs elevated
What do you do if a person loses a tooth?
Place in milk or saliva, seek dental care
When someone faints and regains consciousness, what should you do before allowing them to stand up again?
Offer reassurance and sit them up slowly once they feel ready and check for injuries or other causes of fainting.
Name 3 signs or symptoms of a dislocation.
Deformity, swelling, pain, loss of movement, joint looks out of place
How would you treat a wound with an embedded object (like glass)?
Do not remove; pad around and bandage to hold object in place
What’s the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest?
Heart attack = blood flow problem
cardiac arrest = heart stops beating
How do you treat a black eye?
Apply cold gently, don’t apply pressure if eye itself is injured
What’s one common cause of fainting in hot pool areas?
Dehydration or standing for long periods (blood pooling)