General First-Aid
What is the "Good Samaritan Law"?
Laws that protect anyone from making a good faith effort to help the victim of an injury or illness.
How do you treat a bee sting?
1. Remove the stinger with a credit card, fingernail, or gauze
2. Use soap and water to clean the area where the bee stung you
3. Monitor injury to see if it worsens (ex. symptoms of an allergic reaction show or swelling spreads beyond where the bee stung)
How do you treat a nosebleed?
1. Use a tissue or damp washcloth to catch the blood and wait for the bleeding to stop
2. If bleeding lasts more than 15 to 20 minutes, you're having difficulty breathing, you're taking blood thinning-medications/have a blood clotting disorder, or the blood loss is large (1 cup+), call 911 or go to the emergency room
How do you treat someone with a suspected neck/back injury?
1. Call 911 and send someone for the first aid kit and an AED.
2. Have the person stay as still as possible*. Tell them not to move their head.
3. Stay with them and keep talking to them until help arrives.
*Do not roll them onto their side into the recovery position unless you have to leave them or they are vomiting.
What are the 7 signs of choking, and what is one treatment method?
SIGNS: clutching throat; developing sudden, persistent cough that sounds hoarser than usual; making gagging, wheezing, or choking sounds; beginning drooling; turning pale, red, or blue; losing consciousness; can't speak; can't breathe; high-pitched squeaking noises; panicked/confused/suprised facial expression; no sound; no cough; can't cry
TREATMENT: Heimlich maneuver, 5 back blows
Name at least 5 things you should have in your personal first aid kit.
Band-Aids, sterile gauze pads, adhesive tape, moleskin, soap, antiseptic, scissors, latex gloves, pencil & paper.
How do you treat blisters?
1. Loosely cover the blister with a bandage and try to keep the blister raised
2. Keep the area clean and covered; don't try to pop it
How do you treat a scratch?
What are 5 symptoms of a concussion?
Confusion; dizziness; headache; trouble concentrating or remembering; nausea or vomiting; vision trouble; sensitivity to light or noise; personality changes; sometimes a seizure or passing out
What are 5 signs of a seizure, and what is 1 treatment?
SIGNS: headache; numbness; tingling; nausea; dizziness; deja vu; changes in behavior; short-lived confusion; jerking movements that can't be stopped; loss of consciousness; loss of awareness; repeated movements; trouble speaking; seeing flashing lights; muscles stiffen; collapse; sudden loss of muscle use; urination; tongue biting
TREATMENT: 911; therapy; medications; surgery; electrical stimulation
What are the 5 common signs of a heart attack?
1. Uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain in the center of the chest behind the breastbone. The feeling may spread to the shoulders, arms, and neck. It isn't always severe.
2. Unusual sweating - for instance, even if a room is cool.
3. Nausea - usually the first sign for women!
4. Shortness of breath.
5. A feeling of weakness.
Of poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac, which one is the most severe?
Poison sumac due to a higher concentration of urushiol
How do you know if a bleeding wound is moderate?
1. The bleeding slows or stops with pressure but starts again if you remove the pressure
2. The blood may soak through a few bandages, but it is not fast or out of control.
What are signs of head, neck, and back injuries?
tingling, numbness, or weakness in the arms or legs; pain in the head, neck, or back; trouble moving part of the body; vision changes; black eyes; bruised skin behind the ears; skull deformities; altered consciousness; clear fluid from the ears or nose; nausea and vomiting; bleeding
What are 3 signs of an asthma attack, and what is 1 treatment method?
SIGNS: chest pain or tightness; cough with/without mucus; shortness of breath worsened by physical activity; wheezing; abnormal breathing; trouble breathing; skin that pulls in between ribs when breathing; coughing/wheezing attacks worsened by a respiratory virus
TREATMENT: inhalers; avoiding known triggers; medications
What are the 4 things you look for when doing a "quick assessment" of an injured person?
1. Are they breathing?
2. Is their heart beating?
3. Is there severe bleeding?
4. Is there evidence of poisoning?
How do you treat a human/mammal bite?
1. Wash it with soap and water
2. If the skin is scratched, apply antibiotic ointment
3. Cover with a clean bandage
When is it appropriate to use a tourniquet?
1. Bleeding is somewhere you can't press down on
2. Bleeding is from an amputation (almost or totally removed)
3. Bleeding is severe (coming from multiple places or won't stop under direct pressure)
4. Mass casualty event to save as many lives as possible with quick action
5. Temporary life-saving measure to do CPR/other critical lifesaving treatments
What are the two types of head injuries, and what are their symptoms?
1. Open: bleeding wounds to the face or head
2. Closed: no visible signs of injury to the face or head
What are the signs of altitude sickness, and how do you treat it?
SIGNS: headache; nausea; vomitting; loss of appetite; fatigue, even when resting; noticeable unwell feeling; trouble sleeping; dizziness; vision changes
TREATMENTS: descend; supplemental oxygen; stopping and resting; medications; hyperbaric therapy
What are the emergency action steps?
1. Check the scene for anything that might harm you or the victim further
2. Call 911
3. Care for the victim until emergency services arrive
What is Snow Blindness, and what are 4 symptoms of it?
DEFINITION: A form of photokeratitis that is caused by UV rays reflecting off ice and snow
SYMPTOMS: pain, redness, blurriness, tearing, gritty feeling, swelling, sensitivity to bright light, headache, seeing halos, small pupils, eyelid twitching, temporary vision loss
How do you treat a severed artery (arterial hemorrhage)?
1. Call 911
2. Apply direct pressure
3. Tourniquet if needed
4. Treat for shock
What are 2 situations that might indicate the possibility of a serious head, neck or spinal injury?
1. The person is unresponsive.
2. The person complains of neck or back pain.
3. The person is subject to a significant force such as a crash.
4. The person has tingling or weakness around extremities.
5. The person is wearing a safety helmet that is broken.
What are 2 symptoms of underwater hypoxic blackout, and what is 1 treatment method?
SIGNS: hyperventilation in water; holding your breath; loss of consciousness underwater
TREATMENT: cpr; 911; seeking immediate medical evaluation; rescue breathing