Primary Assessment
What is the first thing you do when you get on the scene?
Check for hazards
Fire, wire, glass, gas, people, pets, and poisons
How often should you recheck vitals during a secondary assessment?
Every 5-10 minutes
How to tell if someone has a suspected concussion/
Pupils are unequal in size or do not get smaller when exposed to light.
What does AED stand for?
Automated External Defibrillator
What percent of room air or the air we exhale is oxygen?
Room air = 21%
Exhaled air = 16%
What acronyms can be used to assess the victim?
L.O.C (level of consciousness)
A.B.C (airway, breathing, circulation)
What is a head-to-toe examination.
Touching the entire body using firm pressure to find any injury or abnormality.
What is the difference between angina and heart attack? what can you give them?
They happen when the heart muscle dose not receive enough blood and oxygen. Angina is a medically diagnosed condition. they can be given aspirin (ASA).
What does a pulse oximetry measure?
Measures how much oxygen the blood is carrying (SpO2), it is shown as a percentage.
How does alcohol effect heat and cold disorders?
Alcohol accelerates and worsens the effect of heat or cold related injuries.
Name the depth of chest compressions of either an adult, child, or infant.
Adult: 5-6 cm (2-2.4 in)
Child: 5 cm (2 in)
Infant: 4 cm (1.5 in)
for child and infant it can also be about 1/3 of their chest diameter
What questions should/could you ask to get a victims history?
Are you here with anyone?
Signs and symptoms?
Allergies?
Medication?
Past medical history?
Last meal?
Events prior?
Did you inhale any water?
Name the degrees of burns and the types of burns.
First, second, third degree
Heat, chemical, electrical, radiation burns
Name a device used to deliver oxygen (bonus if you can name its flow rate).
Nasal cannula: 1-4
Simple face mask: 10-15
Pocket masks: 10-15
Bag-valve-mask: 10-15
Non-rebreather (reservoir): 10-15
You have to put a wedge-shaped object under what side of the pregnant women and why?
The right side. This shifts the uterus to the left side and helps blood return to the heart.
What is gastric distension and how can you fix it?
What is a a resting heart rate that we would not need to worry about?
Adult: 60-100 bpm
Child: 80-100 bpm
Infant: 100+ bmp
What are the major differences between heat exhaustion and heatstroke?
Heat exhaustion: sweating, disorientation
Heatstroke: no sweating, vomiting, unconsciousness
What do you have to do before using an AED when this happens:
- Oxygen rich environments
- Implanted pacemaker
(pick one)
- Place the pads at least 2.5cm (1 in) away
- Remove oxygen from the victim when administering shock
What is agonal breathing?
Agonal breathing is when someone who is not getting enough oxygen is gasping for air. It is usually due to cardiac arrest or stroke. It's not true breathing. It's a natural reflex that happens when your brain is not getting the oxygen it needs to survive.
If victim was breathing and has circulation, what do you check for before going to secondary assessment?
How many breaths per minute is not concerning?
Adults: 12-20 bpm
Child: 12-30 bpm
Infant: 20-30+ bpm
Tell me when to use and what these acronyms are.
F.A.S.T
R.I.C.E
W.A.R.T.S
Fast, arms, speech, fast (stroke)
Rest, immobilize, cold, elevate (bone and joint injuries)
Warmth, ABC, rest and reassure, treatment, semi-prone/sitting (shock)
What is an oropharyngeal airway?
A device used to assist in maintaining an open airway.
What are the main signs and symptoms of opioid overdose? What can you give to treat an overdose?
Constricted or very small pupils
Blue lips or nails
L.O.C effected
You can give them naloxone