Tenderfoot
Simple cuts and scrapes
1. Wash hands to avoid infection
2.Apply pressure, or dressing to cease bleeding
3.Clean the wound through running tap water and remove any debris, but avoid the use of hydrogen peroxide due to irritation
4. Apply an antibiotic or petroleum jelly. Apply a thin layer of an antibiotic ointment or petroleum jelly to keep the surface moist and help prevent scarring. Certain ingredients in some ointments can cause a mild rash in some people. If a rash appears, stop using the ointment.
5. Cover the wound. Apply a bandage, rolled gauze or gauze held in place with paper tape. Covering the wound keeps it clean. If the injury is just a minor scrape or scratch, leave it uncovered.
6. Change the dressing. Do this at least once a day or whenever the bandage becomes wet or dirty.
7. Get a tetanus shot. Get a tetanus shot if you haven't had one in the past five years and the wound is deep or dirty.
8. Watch for signs of infection. See a doctor if you see signs of infection on the skin or near the wound, such as redness, increasing pain, drainage, warmth or swelling.
First Aid: Venomous Snakebites (only 20% total snake population within the U.S, and 15% globally.
1. Move beyond the snake's striking distance.
2. Remain still and calm to help slow the spread of venom.
3. Remove jewelry and tight clothing before you start to swell.
4. Position yourself, if possible, so that the bite is at or below the level of your heart.
5. Clean the wound with soap and water. Cover it with a clean, dry dressing.
Campout Safety
1. Enact the buddy system, where two people go to each location.
2: Know the location of the local poisonous plants and
berries.
3: Build both a fire pit and axe yard to avoid dangerous tools.
4:Bring along both a personal and troop first aid kit, along with both sunscreen, adequate clothing and deep woods bug spray.
Objects in the eye
Chemical burns
1: Remain calm and keep your eyes open until they can be flushed. Closing your eyes traps the chemical in and does further damage.
2:Flush eyes generously with water for 15 to 20 minutes. Make sure you keep your eyes open during flushing.
Foreign object
1: Don’t rub your eyes.
2: Lift the upper eyelid up and out over the lower lid, and then roll your eyes around.
3: Flush your eyes generously with water, and keep your eyes open during flushing.
4: Repeat the previous steps until the object is eliminated.
Shock
1:Lay the person down and elevate the legs and feet slightly, unless you think this may cause pain or further injury.
2: Keep the person still and don't move him or her unless necessary.
3: Begin CPR if the person shows no signs of life, such as not breathing, coughing or moving.
4: Loosen tight clothing and, if needed, cover the person with a blanket to prevent chilling.
5: Don't let the person eat or drink anything.
6: If the person vomits or begins bleeding from the mouth, and no spinal injury is suspected, turn him or her onto a side to prevent choking.
Dysphoric Eczema (appearance of blisters on palms and feet)-Medication
1. Avoid extensive scratching
2. For mild outbreaks, apply ointments on the irritated skin, or take prescribed medications from a dermatologist.
2b.Practise other medical treatments, such as UV treatments, pus draining for larger blisters,anti-itch creams or antihistamines.
2c.Apply various home remedies, such as a cold press, petroleum jellies, and various subsets of mineral oils.
Snake Bites: Caution
1. Don't apply either a tourniquet or ice pack
2. Don't further damage or cut the snake bite to avoid further infection
3. Don't consume either caffeinated or acholic beverages, as the speed the absorption of venom.
4. Don't attempt to capture or contain the snake. Instead photograph the snake for medical staff.
Poisonous Plants
1. Immediately rinse skin with rubbing alcohol, specialized poison plant washes, degreasing soap (such as dishwashing soap) or detergent, and lots of water.
2: Apply wet compresses, calamine lotion, or hydrocortisone cream to the skin to reduce itching and blistering.
2a: An antihistamine such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) can be taken to help relieve itching.
Warm-Blooded animal bites
If the bite breaks the skin:
1: Stop the bleeding by applying direct pressure to the region that was bit
2: Wash the wound gently with soap and water for several minutes, and apply antibiotic creams to prevent infection.
3: Cover the wound with a sterile bandaid or gauze.
4: If the animal was domesticated, contacts its owner. If the animal was wild or stray, contact either health services or local animal control for potential rabies shot of other medical treatment.
Heatstroke
1: Remove any heavy or tight clothing
2: Give the person cool water, or any beverage that lacks either acholic content and/or caffeine.
3: Cool the person's body through any means, such as bathing in cold water, extensive fanning, damp sheets, or ice pack.
1st-degree burns, or scalds
1. immediately get the person away from the heat source to stop the burning
2. cool the burn with cool or lukewarm running water for 20 minutes – don't use ice, iced water, or any creams or greasy substances such as butter
3. remove any clothing or jewellery that's near the burnt area of skin, including babies' nappies - but don't move anything that's stuck to the skin
4. make sure the person keeps warm – by using a blanket, for example, but take care not to rub it against the burnt area
5. cover the burn by placing a layer of cling film over it – a clean plastic bag could also be used for burns on your hand
6. use painkillers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen to treat any pain
7. if the face or eyes are burnt, sit up as much as possible, rather than lying down - this helps to reduce swelling
First Aid: Frostbite
1: Check for signs of hypothermia, such as coma, intense fever, muscular cramps, and elevated heart rate.
2: Protect skin and extremities (ex.hands, feet, nose) from further damage by wrapping, or protection.
3: Remove any wet clothes, and leave the cold environment. Wrap your body in a warm blanket after these measures.
4: Rewarm affected areas by drinking hot liquids and soaking in water between 99-101 degrees Fahrenheit.
Describe Poison ivy
Preferred locations: forests and wetlands, on beaches, and along streams, as well as in parks, yards, and along roads
Leaflet: About 2-5 inches long with a height-to-width ratio of 2:1. At its base is a small leaf stem, with the middle of the three leaflets having a slightly longer stem. They may be either smooth or with ridges and either slightly shiny or dull. Their berries are the color or pearls.
Puncture wounds
1: Properly sanitize the area and your hands to prevent infection.
2: With a clean bandage or cloth, apply gentle pressure until the bleeding ceases
3: Using either a washcloth or both soap and water, clean the wound and remove any debris for between 5-10 minutes.
4: Cover the wound area with a thin layer of antibiotic ointment, and reapply for the ensuing two days whenever the covering is changed.
5: Apply a clean wound dressing through either medical tape, gauze or bandage, and change this dressing daily when it becomes wet or dirty.
6: Contact a medical doctor if any signs of infection occur.
Dehydration
1: Have the person rest, and massage or soothe any aching muscles.
2:While the person is still and resting, give them plenty of water, or any beverage that lacks acholic content, caffeine or salt.
Insect bites and stings
1. Transfer the person from the area, and look around for threats, and if necessary remove any remaining stingers
2. Treat the wound with soap and water
3. Reduce swelling through either elevation or the application of a cool compress
4. Use between 0.5-1% hydrocortisone cream, calamine lotion or a baking soda paste to the bite several times daily until symptoms disappear.
First Aid: Sunburns
1: Apply a damp, cool towel to the affected skin
2: Drink large amounts of water to avoid dehydration
3: Don't break large blisters, and gently apply ointment to any developed blisters.
4: Avoid further sun exposer.
Describe Poison Oak
Prefered locations: Between sea level and 5,000 feet as either a three feet shrub or vine.
Leaflets: With a duller green colouration than poison ivy, and more distinct toothing, the oak-adjacent leaves have distinctions. They have hair on both sides of the leaflet, and their berries (called “drupes”) have a tan colour.
Second-degree burns
1: Cool the burned skin by running it under cold water for 15 minutes
2: Apply antibiotic ointment across any blisters, either ruptured or unruptured.
3:Cover any affected areas with dressing if light bleeding occurs.
4: Seek medical treatment if the burn occurs on the face, groin, buttocks, hands, or feet.
Hypothermia
1: Call 911 or the local health services phone line
2: Remove the person from the cold environment, and bring them indoors.
3: Also remove any wet clothing from the person's body.
4: Warming the person's trunk/chest first, wrap the person in warm blankets or towels. Be careful not to submerge the person in warm water or warm extremities first, as that may result in shock or heart arrhythmia.
5: If the person shows no signs of respiration, apply CPR
6: If the person is conscious (awake) give them warm fluids, avoiding the consumption of alcohol or caffeine.
7: Once the bodily temperature begins to rise, continuous the healing process while also wrapping both the person head and neck until health services arrive.
Nosebleeds
1: Sit upright and lean forward
2:Using both your middle and index finger, pinch your nostrils shut for 10-15 minutes or until bleeding ceases. Breathe through your mouth during this period.
2a: Ir re-bleeding occurs, forcefully clear nose of any and all blood cloaths and employ a nasal spray including oxymetazoline (Afrin).
First Aid: Choking
1: Give 5 back blows between the person's shoulder blades with the heel of your hand.
2: Give 5 abdominal thrusts. Perform five abdominal thrusts (also known as the Heimlich maneuver).
3: Alternate between 5 blows and 5 thrusts until the blockage is dislodged.
Heimlich Maneuver
1: Stand behind the person. Wrap your arms around the waist. Tip the person forward slightly. If a child is choking, kneel down behind the child.
2: Make a fist with one hand. Position it slightly above the person's navel.
3: Grasp the fist with the other hand. Press hard into
the abdomen with a quick, upward thrust
Describe Poison Sumac
Leaflets: Having a bright orange colour during early spring that develops into a dull green and a reddish-orange through the summer and fall, they have reddish stems. Each leaflet set is arranged in groups between 8-13 with one separate leaflet at the end of the section, with each leaf forming a v-shape with smooth edges. Attached to these leaves are either small clusters of yellowish-green flowers or grey fruits.
Heat Exhaustion
1: Transport the person away from the heat source.
2: Lay the person down and elevate the legs slightly
3. Remove any heavy of tight clothing.
4: Give the person, cool drinks that lack either alcoholic content or caffeine.
5: Cool the person further by sponging/covering with cool water and fanning.
Hyperventilation