Cardiac
Do men or women typically experience milder signs of a heart attack?
Women
What is the difference between anatomical and mechanical airway obstruction?
Anatomical- Obstruction caused by swelling of the throat, tongue, etc. (our own anatomy)
Mechanical- Obstruction caused by a foreign object
What are 2 signs that bleeding is severe and life threatening?
Spurting blood, steady blood flow from the wound to the floor
True or False: If a person experiencing shock complains of thirst, you should get them some water.
FALSE- Never give food or water to someone who is experiencing shock.
What is the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest?
Heart Attack- Occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked and part of the heart muscle begins to die (can lead to cardiac arrest)
Cardiac Arrest- Occurs when the heart stops beating or beats too ineffectively to do its job properly.
What should you do if someone is choking but they are still able to cough?
Encourage them to cough it up. If coughing becomes too difficult/nonexistent, begin caring with back blows and abdominal thrusts.
How could you recognize the difference between arterial and venous bleeding?
Arterial- Bright red, spurting
Venous- Dark red, steady blood flow
What are 3 signs/symptoms of shock?
Excessive thirst
Skin that feels cool or moist and looks pale or bluish
Altered level of consciousness
A rapid, weak heartbeat
Rapid breathing
Nausea and vomiting
Describe the purpose of chest compressions and rescue breaths in CPR? Why is compression-only CPR less effective?
Chest compressions- Manually pump the heart and circulate blood
Rescue breaths- Put oxygen into the lungs/blood so that is can be circulated throughout the body with chest compressions
Eventually, the blood will run out of oxygen if only compressions are given.
What is the toilet paper roll test?
If an object can fit inside a toilet paper roll, you should NOT give it to an infant. Infants often put things in their mouth and they may choke on an object if it is small enough.
Give 2 reasons for tourniquet use.
Direct pressure alone isn't working- Multiple people with life-threatening injuries- Scene is or becomes unsafe- Physical location of the wound does not allow for direct pressure
How should you care for shock?
Have the person lie flat on their back
Control any external bleeding
Cover them with a blanket to prevent loss of body heat
Do not give them anything to drink or eat
Ensure the airway is open and clear
Provide reassurance and help them rest comfortably
Continue to monitor condition and level of consciousness
What is defibrillation and how does it work?
Defibrillation- Delivering an electric shock with an AED
Momentarily stops the heart so that the heart can develop a new, effective rhythm on its own (corrects v-fib or v-tach)
Explain how you would care for a person who is choking. What 2 techniques do you alternate between and how many of each? What do you do if the choking person becomes unresponsive?
Abdominal Thrusts & Back Blows- Alternating between 5 of each.
If the person becomes unresponsive, lower them to the ground carefully and start CPR, beginning with chest compressions.
NEVER remove the original gauze pad. Add a new gauze pad on top of the original and replace that one as needed (no more than 2 stacked at a time).
What is distributive shock and what are some things that can cause it?
Shock that occurs when the blood vessels dilate abnormally. Can be caused by infection, allergic reaction, spinal cord/brain trauma, etc.
The AED has adult AED pads (no infant pads). Where would you place them on an adult? Where would you place them on an infant?
Adult- Upper right and lower left
Infant- Middle of chest and middle of back
List 5 different health conditions/diseases that can result in respiratory distress or arrest?
What is a hemostatic dressing? How does it differ than a regular dressing?
Hemostatic dressings are treated with chemicals to help stimulate blood clotting.
What should you do to care for shock?
Have the person lie flat on their back
Control any external bleeding
Cover them with a blanket to prevent loss of body heat
Do not give them anything to drink or eat
Ensure the airway is open and clear
Provide reassurance and help them rest comfortably
Continue to monitor condition and level of consciousness