Foundations
When is consent implied when giving care to someone as a first responder?
If they are unresponsive, confused, disoriented, or a child with no parent present.
Symptoms of CARDIAC ARREST
Not responsive
No Pulse
No breathing (might be only gasping)
What can another trained responder do when they return with an AED?
Place pads while you continue CPR
If someone appears to start choking but are still coughing, what should you do?
Encourage them to continue coughing
When is a general care step for sudden illnesse?
Keep them at a comfortable temperature
Monitor
Place in recovery position
What medicine helps someone with asthma?
What does PPE do for you when giving care to someone?
Reduces the risk of disease transmission.
Agonal Breaths
When should you use an AED when someone is having cardiac arrest?
As soon as it becomes available.
What are signs that someone has a severely blocked airway and are choking?
Cannot Laugh
Cannot Speak
Cannot Cry
Cannot Cough
Can only make high pitched sounds
What things might you need to do if assisting someone with taking medication?
Offer to get medication
Have them verify medication
Help assemble or prepare medication
If someone suspected of an opioid overdose is unresponsive and not breathing, what should be done after calling 911?
Begin CPR
Administer naloxone ASAP
Use AED when available
How minimum, how many seconds should you wash your hands?
How many compressions and breaths should be given during a cycle of CPR?
30 compressions followed by 2 breaths (exception: drowning starts with 2 breaths followed by 30 compressions)
Once an AED is turned on, what should you do?
Follow voice prompts and put the pads on victim to analyze heart rhythm.
When an adult or child is choking, how many back blows and abdominal thrusts should be given?
5 back blows & 5 abdominal thrusts
If someone is only showing one sign of a stroke after performing the FAST assessment, what should you do?
Call 911
What should you do for a person having a seizure?
Let it run its course
Move nearby objects to prevent injury
Monitor person
Time seizure
When should you wear latex free disposable gloves?
When you might come in contact with blood or bodily fluids
When you have a break in the skin on your own hands
When you have to handle objects or surfaces that are soiled with blood or other bodily fluids.
When giving breaths to an adult or child, where should the mouth be positioned and how long should the breath last?
What do infants get in addition to back blows when severely choking?
5 chest thrusts
A person is showing the signs and symptoms of a heart attack, what should you do after calling 911 and getting equipment?
Offer Aspirin
Help them rest comfortably
How do you determine if bleeding is life threatening?
Spurting or pouring out
What are the three C's during an emergency
Check, Call, Care
How should you position your body to give effective chest compressions to an adult or child?
Kneeling upright, shoulders directly over hands, elbows locked and arms straight.
What pads can be used on infants?
Adult or pediatric
Where are back blows given for someone who is choking?
Between shoulder blades
If someone is having trouble breathing, have a rash on their face and neck, and have swollen lips, what might they be experiencing?
Anaphylaxis
What are 2 ways to control life threatening bleeding until EMS arrive?
Firm, direct pressure
Tourniquet
When an emergency happens, what should be done first?
Check the scene for safety.
What are the appropriate depth and rate when giving chest compressions to an adult, child, and infant?
100-120 compressions per minute
Adult- At least 2 inches deep
Child- About 2 inches deep
Infant- About 1 1/2 inches
Where do pads get placed on an infant?
Middle of chest
Middle of back between shoulder blades
What is the direction your hands should move when you give abdominal thrusts for someone who is choking?
Inward & Upward
if someone is suspected of having a concussion, what should you do to help them?
Call 911
Have them stop the activity they are doing
Person should rest
Seek advanced medical care
A person with shock is asking for something to drink, what should you give them?
NOTHING
When should you call 911 in an emergency situation?
No breathing
Unresponsive Person
Life threatening illness
Life threatening bleeding
How far should the head be tilted when giving breaths to an adult, child, and infant?
Adult- Past Neutral
Child- Slightly Past Neutral
Infant- Neutral
How long should you continue CPR and AED use?
Too Tired to Continue
Show Obvious Signs of Life
EMS Arrive and Begin Care
Another Trained Responder Takes Over
The Scene Becomes Unsafe
For a choking infant, what is the best way to give chest thrusts?
Compress about 1 1/2 inches with two fingers in the center of the chest, just below the nipple line
What should you do with a person who is experiencing shock?
Rest- Back or recovery position
Body temp- Keep them warm
If someone who is experiencing hypothermia wants to be put in a hot tub to warm up, what should you do?
Do NOT put them in water but DO
Offer blankets
Hot drink (if they can safely drink)
Get out of wet clothes
You are working when you hear a thud and someone yel out that a person has collapsed. The scene is safe, but the person appears unresponsive, they don't have any life threatening bleeding. What should you do next?
Check for responsiveness and breathing.
If you are unwilling or unable to do complete cycles of CPR, what can be done instead?
Hands-Only-CPR - Continuous compressions at the rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.
What is the benefit of early CPR and the use of an AED when a person is in cardiac arrest?
Gives the person the best chance for surviving cardiac arrest.
If a responsive choking person becomes unresponsive, what should you do?
Give CPR and look for an object between compressions and breaths.
How do you help someone experiencing heat stroke?
Immerse in cold water to rapidly cool them
Wrap in cool towels
Focus on head, neck, armpits, and groin
How do you cool a burned body part?
What types of questions would you ask with SAM questioning?
Signs and Symptoms
Allergies
Medications
If the initial breath doesn't go in, what should be done next?
Reposition the head and try the breath one more time.
What should you do when AED is analyzing?
Say "Clear!" and ensure no one is touching the victim
When caring for an unresponsive choking person and you can see a object in the back of their throat, what should you do?
Attempt to remove the object with a finger sweep
If someone is experiencing a diabetic emergency, what are some things you could give them?
Glucose Tablet
7-oz fruit juice
14 oz of chocolate milk
15-20 grams of sugar from candy
Soda (not diet)
How is degree of burn determined?
Location of the burn
Size of the burn
Layers of skin ipacted