Civilizations
This civilization, part of the Fertile Crescent in what is now Iraq, developed along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and give rise to the world's earliest written language
Mesopotamia
The first civilizations ever to emerge in world history all developed along this same feature of the natural landscape.
Rivers / river valleys
In all of the first civilizations, this group of people represented the vast majority of the population
Free commoners
This written language was the script used in the ancient city-states of Mesopotamia
cuneiform
Instead of arising through the expansion of city-states, this civilization developed as a unified, territorial state ruled by a single political leader known as the pharaoh.
Egypt
These urban centers arose in the world's first civilizations, functioning as administrative capitals and as centers for the production of culture
cities
This class of people represented the bottom of each new civilization's social hierarchy, and it resulted from a system that flourished on a larger scale than ever before with the dawn of cities and civilizations
slaves
This written language was the script used by the scribes of ancient Egypt
Hieroglyphics
This South Asian civilization, remarkably different from others of its kind, disappeared without a trace thousands of years ago; it generated no palaces, temples, elaborate graves, kings of warrior classes, and its system of written has never been translated.
Indus Valley Civilization
Economic specialization / Specialization of labor
This class of people were denied a right to property and public life, being confined instead to their household and to the duties of childrearing.
Women
This term refers to the idea that men are superior to women, and the implementation of that idea into a social, political, or economic system.
Patriarchy
This ancient civilization developed along the coast of Peru, which grew rich through an extremely rich fishing industry, never adopted grain-based farming and lacks evidence of extensive warfare.
Norte Chico
The specialization of labor and the rise of new occupations caused this new idea to emerge for the first time, which organized people along a hierarchy according to their wealth
class
This class of individuals represented the apex of the social pyramid, living in luxurious palaces and dressing in luxurious garments to project the splendor and political authority of the states they ruled.
Kings
This book represents the earliest written text known to scholars.
The Epic of Gilgamesh