What is the artificial application of water to soil. (The process of bringing water to the soil)
100
The year 3500 B.C.E.
What is the point in time where the first civs start to emerge.
100
Wealth, status, and power.
What are the areas of inequality most commonly found in early civilizations.
100
Using force to secure the will of the state.
What is coercion.
200
Along the equator and regions in the tropics.
What is the general location of the first civilizations?
200
Chiefdoms
What are small groups that contain some organization of skills and social ranking.
200
Surplus food from the agricultural revolution.
What is one of the major reasons for the emergence of the first civilizations.
200
Great wealth, avoidance of physical labor, working in the top political, religious, and military positions.
What are the benefits of the elite.
200
The major function of the state.
What is to maintain organization and stability of the region.
300
Near modern-day Northern Afghanistan, along the Yellow river, respectively.
What are the Oxus and China civilizations.
300
Civilization
What is a socially constructed idea that focuses on the presence of an "advanced" culture or society.
300
The group that civilizations most likely emerged from.
What are competing chiefdoms where there was already some organization of labor and social structure.
300
The general groups at the top, middle, and bottom levels of first civilization hierarchies.
What are 1. kings, priests, and rulers. 2. scribes, soldiers, artisans, etc. 3. slaves, peasants, commoners.
300
2 needs of civilization, as provided by the state.
What is requiring farmers to support the elite, defense, laborious projects, adjudicating conflict, organizing systems of irrigation and trade.
400
Northeastern Africa, modern-day Pakistan, modern-day Iraq and Syria, and along the coast near Peru, respectively.
DOUBLE POINTS!
What are the locations of the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and Norte Chico, respectively.
400
Stratification
What is the process of separating groups into levels or layers. Usually used in social/economic ranking. Based on skill, birth rights, "social roles"
400
To serve as political capitals, centers for cultural production, and locations for long-distance trade.
What is the function of the city.
400
Two of the potential reasons that the patriarchy emerges in first civs.
What are more intensive ag - male labor is favored over female, growing social complexity, association of women with nature, women's reproductive needs, warfare, traditions of patriarchal inheritance.
400
3 functions of writing.
What is defining elite status, conveying prestige, mobility, propaganda, accurate records, laws, literature, philosophy, astronomy, history, etc.
500
#1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, & 7
What are Olmec, Notre Chico, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Oxus, Indus Valley, and China.
500
Patriarchy
What is a system of society where men are in charge. Organized on patriarchal lineage, women are largely excluded from power.
500
Between the years of 3500 and 3000 B.C.E.
What is the years of the emergence of Mesopotamia and Egypt.
500
The only women that had occasional power in the first civs. Class & location.
What is royal women in Egypt.
500
The four major civilizations and their corresponding rivers.
What are
Mesopotamia - Euphrates, Tigris
Egypt - Nile
Indus Valley - Indus
China - Yellow, Yangtze