A
The scientific study of crime and the causes of criminal behavior is known as?
Criminology
Who believed that crime was an expression of a person’s rational decision making process. Before committing a crime a person would weigh the benefits of the crime v. the cost of being apprehended.
Classical Criminologists
__________ between two variables means that they tend to vary together.
Correlation
According to ______ , criminal behavior is determined by biological, psychological, and social forces often beyond the control of the individual.
Positivism
A _________ is an explanation of a happening or circumstance that is based on an observation, experimentation, and reasoning
Theory
_______ is a very broad term that refers to the scientific study of living organisms.
Biology
Male hormone responsible for developing traits of aggression.
Testosterone
Research shows that even moderate use of ______ and __________ increases the chances someone with a mental health issue will act violently
Drugs, Alcohol
A school of criminology based on the belief that individuals have free will to engage in any behavior, including criminal behavior.
Choice Theory
the scientific study of the mind and its processes.
Psychology
A chemical substance, produce in tissue and conveyed in the bloodstream, that controls certain cellular and body functions such as growth and reproduction.
Hormones
A ___________ is a proposition that can be tested by researchers or observers to determine if it is valid. If enough authorities do find the ________ valid, it will be accepted as a theory.
Hypothesis
Theory that most of our thoughts, wishes, urges originate in the unconscious region of the mind, and we have no control- or even awareness of this process.
Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory
Coded sequences of DNA that control every aspect of our biology., from the color of our eyes, to the color of our hair.
Genes
_____ rests on the assumption that the way we view ourselves is shaped to a large degree by how we think others perceive us.
Social Psychology
_____ theories suggest that certain biological or psychological traits in individuals could incline them toward criminal behavior given a certain set of circumstances.
Trait
a chronic brain disorder that can lead to erratic, uncontrollable behavior. People suffering from this disease are at an unusually high risk for committing suicide or harming others.
schizophrenia
Positivists believed that criminals were throwbacks to savagery of early humankind and could therefore be identified by certain physical characteristics such as?
Sharp Teeth, Large Jaws
According to Freud, the three abstract systems of the brain are?
Id, Ego, Super ego
The study of how certain traits or qualities are transmitted from parents to offspring.
Genetics
Type of studies used to help explain the Nature v Nurture debate. (More than one correct answer)
Twin Studies, Adoption Studies
a well-established concept in criminology that describes how criminal activity increases during adolescence, peaks in the early to mid-20s, and then declines in males.
Age-Crime Relationship
Based on the theory that criminal behavior is often the result of a combination of biological and environmental risk factors. Example- Lead
Neurocriminology
The _________ Theory simply states, that before committing a crime, he or she, is weighing the benefits against the cost of the crime. If the perceived benefits are greater than the potential costs, the more likely they are to commit the crime
Rational Choice
A number of well received adoption studies have shown a correlation between rates of criminality among adopted children and antisocial behavior by their _________.
Biological Parents