What do you call the variable in an experiment that is manipulated (changed) by the scientist?
What is independent variable.
100
What do you call the act of rock breaking down into smaller pieces?
What is weathering.
100
What is the process of broken down material being carried away?
What is erosion
100
What is the sphere that includes all the ice on Earth.
What is the cryosphere
100
What is a current?
The movement or flowing of liquid or gas in the oceans or atmosphere.
200
What is a limitation when using scientific models?
Scientific models are not as accurate compared to the real world examples.
200
What are the two types of weathering? Give an example of each.
Physical/mechanical weathering(ex. freezing and thawing, plant roots growing in cracks of rock, water)
Chemical weathering (Rusting, acid rain, carbonation)
200
List 3 landforms that are created by erosion.
What are canyons, valleys, stacks, caves, arches, cliffs.
200
How do the hydrosphere and the atmosphere interact?
1. Winds in the atmosphere interact with oceans in the hydrosphere and create waves.
2. Rain is part of the hydrosphere, but comes from clouds in the atmosphere.
200
How are convection currents in the ocean or atmosphere formed?
Cooler masses flow downward and warmer masses move upwards.
300
What is the term "empirical evidence" used to describe?
It describes information gained by direct observation of an event.
300
The law of conservation of mass applies to which type of changes?
Both physical and chemical changes.
300
What forces can act for both weathering AND erosion?
What is water, wind and ice.
300
How does the Sun affect the hydrosphere?
The Sun provides heat which causes water to evaporate driving the water cycle in the hydrosphere.
300
What are the 4 forces that affect the motion of ocean currents?
Winds, Sun, Coriolis effect and continental deflection.
400
What are the benefits to using scientific models? (Think of the convection current lab)
Models help communicate complex ideas in simpler ways.
Models can be manipulated.
Models can represent information that is too small or too big.
(Ex. Cells are too small, and the solar system is too big)
400
What factors can increase the rate of weathering? (Think of the chalk lab)
Increase temperature.
Increase surface area.
400
A. Give one way that soil erosion can be increased.
B. Give one way that soil erosion can be decrease.
A. Increase water or incline
B. Add plants
400
How does the law of conservation of mass pertain to the water cycle?
The water is never created nor destroyed, it only changes states. (Liquid, water, gas)
400
Explain why warmer currents move upwards compared to the downward movement of cooler currents.
Warmer currents are less dense than cooler currents.
500
Why must other scientists review and replicate the results before the discovery can be published?
Scientists need to debate and confirm findings within the scientific community first.
500
Why does increasing the temperature increase the rate of a reaction?
At higher temperatures molecules move faster and collide more often, increasing the chances for a reaction to happen.
500
Explain the process that forms a river delta.
Sediment is carried away by a river and as the river nears an ocean or sea the water slows down and spreads out depositing the sediment.
500
What causes the differences in temperature between the different layers of the atmosphere?
The difference in the density of the layers.
More dense=less heat
Less dense=more heat
500
Explain how the Sun drives the Earth's weather?
Energy and light from the Sun creates temperature differences among the Earth's air, water, and land.