Pre-History
The material the Beaker with Ibex Motifs is primarily made from.
What is painted terra cotta?
The primary construction material used in Sumerian ziggurats such as the White Temple at Uruk.
What is mudbrick?
The name for the idealized male youth of early Greek sculpture.
What is a kouros?
The building material that made the Pantheon’s massive dome possible.
What is concrete?
The visual motif that identifies Christ as the Good Shepherd in early Christian art.
What is a youth carrying a lamb over his shoulders (shephard)?
The material that gives Byzantine mosaics their shimmering, yellow brilliance.
What is gold tesserae?
ONE architectural feature most associated with Romanesque church interiors.
What are rounded arches and heavy stone walls?
The mathematical method Brunelleschi developed to show depth on a flat surface.
What is linear perspective?
The most likely function of the Camelid Sacrum from Tequixquiac.
What is a fertility or spiritual object?
The god Hammurabi is shown interacting with on the Stele of Hammurabi.
Who is Shamash?
The architectural order seen on the EXTERIOR of the Parthenon at the ENTRANCE.
What is the Doric order?
ONE Greek artistic element used in the Augustus of Prima Porta to legitimize imperial power.
What is contrapposto OR idealized heroic form?
The primary purpose of illuminated manuscripts like the Lindisfarne Gospels.
What is preserving and glorifying scripture (esp. New Testament Gospels)?
The reason figures in the Justinian and Attendants mosaic appear frontal and flattened.
What is to emphasize spiritual authority over realism?
The Gothic innovation that enabled great interior height and massive stained-glass windows.
What are flying buttresses?
The powerful Florentine family that supported humanistic art and new artistic ideas during the Early Renaissance.
Who were the Medici?
ONE technique Paleolithic artists used to create images in the Lascaux
What is spraying/blowing pigment through hollow bones?
Also: deliberately used bulges, cracks, and curves in the cave walls/scratched or incised into the rock surface/Animal-hair brushes/Fingers/Pads of moss or fur MATERIALS:Artists used naturally occurring minerals:Ochre (reds, yellows)Charcoal and manganese oxide (blacks) Pigments were ground into powder and mixed with water, animal fat, or saliva.
The method Egyptian artists used to keep human proportions consistent for millennia.
What is the canon of proportions or grid system?
ONE visual development that separates Classical Greek sculpture from the Archaic style.
What is more naturalistic anatomy and the loss of the Archaic smile?
The structural purpose of the coffers in the Pantheon dome.
What is reducing the dome’s weight?
How the basilica floor plan supports Christian worship services (liturgy).
What is by directing people’s attention down the nave toward the altar?
ONE architectural feature that makes Hagia Sophia’s dome appear to float.
What are pendentives and/or a ring of windows?
What medieval viewers were meant to learn from the imagery in the Last Judgment tympanum at Sainte-Foy.
What is that Christ judges souls, rewarding the saved and punishing sinners?
The artist who first painted emotionally expressive, three-dimensional figures in the Scrovegni (Arena) Chapel. He has a late Gothic and Early Renaissance overlap.
Who is Giotto?
ONE visual feature of the Running Horned Woman that suggests ceremonial or ritual significance.
What is her large scale, body paint, and horned ceremonial attire?
The visual quality of the Seated Scribe that distinguishes it from pharaonic idealization.
What is its naturalistic, aging, sagging, rounded belly, soft-bodied depiction?
The vase-painting innovation that allowed Greek artists to show more detail and movement. BONUS: if you know the name of the technique that came BEFORE.
What is the red-figure technique?
Why Trajan is shown many times along Trajan’s Column.
What is to show different moments of the same military campaign step by step ( or continuous narrative)?
The technique in the Vienna Genesis that produces early illusionistic depth.
What is continuous narration with shaded modeling?
Why Mary is shown serious and still in Theotokos icons instead of smiling or emotional.
What is to emphasize her sacred role as the Mother of God, not her personal feelings?
Why churches displayed reliquaries holding saints’ remains/possessions during the Romanesque period.
What is to draw pilgrims seeking miracles and blessings?
The reason why Donatello’s David is historically important in the Early Renaissance.
What is that it is the first free-standing, bronze nude sculpture made since ancient Rome?
The two main stone types at Stonehenge that reveal both long-distance ritual connections and local quarrying.
What are bluestone (from faraway Wales) and sarsen stone (local)?
The key political event and message conveyed by the Palette of King Narmer.
What is the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt?
What the Grave Stele of Hegeso suggests about women’s lives in Classical Athens.
What is that women were expected to focus on the home and family?1. Indoor setting = women’s lives were centered in the household 2. Jewelry and personal items = wealth, marriage, and family identity 3. Quiet, controlled pose = modesty and virtue 4. Servant present = elite social status, not public power: woman defined by home, marriage, and property
ONE of the political/societal values shown in Roman Republican veristic portraiture.
What are wisdom, age, and experience?
The multicultural blending visible in the Merovingian Fibulae.
What is Germanic metalwork combined with Roman, Christian and Byzantine influences?
The effect Byzantine iconoclasm had on artistic production.
What is the temporary destruction of icons and shift to nonfigural art?
What the many images of the Virgin Mary at Chartres Cathedral are meant to teach worshippers.
What is that Mary plays a central role in Christian faith as the mother of Christ esp. as an INTECESSOR?
ONE classical influence visible in Brunelleschi’s design for the Pazzi Chapel.
What is the use of simple geometric shapes ( geometric harmony), mathematical proportion, and/or balanced proportions?