Screen'm or Leave'm
Identify 3 actions within a Fitness Appraiser's Scope of Practice
¤ Educate
¤ Screen
¤ Select appropriate test
¤ Conduct standardized protocols with “apparently healthy” people
¤ Interpret the assessment findings
¤ Prescribe an exercise/physical activity program
¤ Instruct
¤ Motivate
¤ Monitor/measure progress
When taking SKF measurements, a third 'round' of measurements is taken when the difference between the first and second measurements is greater than _________ ?
0.4 mm
Make a distinction between health-related physical fitness and performance-related physical fitness and what should one consider through the process of exercise prescription?
Ans: Health-related physical fitness is often linked to public health, whereas performance-related physical fitness is often linked to sports performance.
However, these components are not exclusive in some populations, and some sport/skill attributes may be important for health.
List the reasons we measure health-related physical fitness.
Ans: Any three of the following are correct:
1) To educate participants
2) To individualize exercise programs
3) To evaluate exercise progress
4) To motivate individuals toward goals
Using the same procedures, instructions, and equipment each time, a test is performed as an example of which fundamental principle of assessment?
Standardization
What is the purpose of an informed consent document?
Explain the purpose and nature of each test, any inherent risk in the testing, and the expected benefits to the tests.
What is the difference between Lab-based (Reference) methods and Field-based methods? Give examples of each.
Lab-based
1) Hydrostatic weighing
2) Air displacement Plethysmography (BodPod)
3) Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
4) MRI & CT Scan
Field-based
1) Skinfold method
2) Bioelectrical Impedance
Make distinctions between physical activity (PA) and exercise.
Ans: PA can be any bodily movement that is produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles that causes an increase in over resting energy expenditure, whereas exercise is a specific type of PA that is planned and structured for the purpose of maintaining physical fitness.
Describe (as if to a client) what you will find using skinfold measures to assess anthropometry.
This test is being performed to obtain an estimate of your total body fat percentage. We will determine your body fat percentage by taking measurements with a set of calipers at different sites on your body. We do this by pinching and pulling on the skin at these different locations.
True or false? According to the ACSM preparticipation screening algorithm, if a participant is asymptomatic, has no known disease, and does not participate in regular exercise, it is not necessary to have a medical clearance before initiating low- to moderate-intensity exercise.
True
What should you do if an individual answers “Yes” to any of the questions in Section 2 of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PARQ+).
Complete the ePARMed-x online.
Inform them that they must visit their doctor to seek medical clearance before they can complete the fitness assessment.
Which of the following is considered to be an anthropometric method for determining body composition?
Hydrostatic/under water weighing (UWW).
Dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
Body mass index (BMI).
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).
Computed tomography (CT).
3 - BMI
What are the three types of body tissues that comprise body composition? What tool can measure this?
Ans: Bone, fat, and muscle.
DEXA
According to the ACSM preparticipation screening algorithm, describe three key factors used to determine participation in moderate- or vigorous-intensity physical activity.
The three key factors in determining someone’s participation in moderate- or vigorous-intensity physical activity are (a) current level of physical activity; (b) previously diagnosed cardiovascular, metabolic, and/or renal diseases; and (c) whether or not signs and symptoms of disease are present.
True or false? If a person is currently taking antihypertensive medication, he or she is considered to have hypertension as a positive risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease.
True
What is the correct sequence of tests for a health-related fitness assessment?
Anthropometrics, body composition, aerobic fitness, musculoskeletal fitness
What is the name for the type of fat located between the muscle and skin and can be measured with skinfold calipers?
Subcutaneous
What is included in an informed consent document?
1) Explaining the purpose of the assessments.
2) Describing the procedures that will be used.
3) Describing the risks and discomforts associated with the assessments.
4) Describing the benefits to be obtained from the assessments.
5) Describing alternatives (if any).
6) Describing the responsibilities that are required of the participant.
7) Explaining that the participant can ask questions at any time.
8) Explaining how data will be handled (confidentiality).
9) Explaining that the participant can withdraw his or her consent and stop the assessment process at any time.
Identify as many (of eight) positive risk factors for the development of coronary artery disease.
Any of the following factors are correct:
1) Age
2) Family history
3) Cigarette smoking
4) Physical inactivity
5) Body mass index/waist circumference
6) Blood pressure
7) Lipids
8) Blood glucose
Using a blood pressure cuff that is too large will generally result in a blood pressure reading that is artificially __________.
Low
What would you do if an individual’s resting blood pressure is 160/90 after two readings?
Nothing. It is safe to continue with the fitness appraisal.
Of the skinfold sites practiced in class, identify the ones that are vertical.
Triceps
Thigh
Abdominal (can be horizontal as well)
Midaxillary (can be horizontal as well)
Describe important standardization steps to be used when measuring waist circumference.
Any of the following steps are correct:
• The technician should stand on the right side of the client.
• The measurement should be made on bare skin.
• The measurement should be taken at the end of a normal exhalation by the client.
• The measuring tape should be parallel to the floor and should be pulled to lay flat on the skin without compressing the skin (some measurement tapes have a gauge to standardize the tension).
• Multiple measurements should be taken to determine the smallest circumference site. The mean of two measurements at this location (that do not differ by >1 cm) is used.
Palpate/locate the iliac crest.
Calculate BMI for a 130-lb woman who is 65 in tall.
21.6 kg/m2
What are three of the important standardization steps that should be used when measuring a client’s height?
Any three of the following are correct:
1) The client must remove his or her shoes and hat (if worn).
2) The client should stand erect with his or her feet flat on the floor with his or her heels touching each other.
3) If using a wall-mounted stadiometer, the heels, midbody, and upper body parts should be touching the wall.
4) The client should take a normal breath in and hold his or her breath while looking straight ahead (head in a neutral position relative to the chin).
5) The horizontal headboard should be lowered to touch the top of the head (skull).