Cranial Nerves
How many cranial nerves are there in the human body?
12
What are the 4 lobes in the brain?
Frontal lobe, Parietal lobe, Temporal lobe, and Occipital lobe
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
The Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
Which region in the frontal lobe is essential for speech production and motor planning of language?
Broca’s area
What is the primary function of the thalamus?
The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information, directing signals to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex.
Name all 12 cranial nerves.
1. Olfactory 2. Optic 3. Oculomotor 4. Trochlear 5. Tridgminal 6. Abducens 7. Facial 8. Vestibularcochlear 9. Glossopharyngeal 10. Vagus 11. Accessory 12. Hypoglossus
What are the main functions of the frontal lobe?
Executive functions, decision-making, voluntary motor control, speech
What is the function of myelin?
Myelin is a fatty insulating layer that increases the speed of electrical conduction along axons.
Which area is primarily responsible for understanding spoken language?
Wernicke’s area
Which subcortical structure plays a key role in regulating movement and balance?
The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movement, maintaining balance, and fine-tuning motor activity
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the movement of the jaw.
CN 6. Trigeminal
What are the functions of the Parietal lobe?
Sensory perception and spatial awareness
What is the difference between a nucleus and a ganglion?
A nucleus is a cluster of neuron cell bodies within the CNS, while a ganglion is a cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS.
What type of language deficit results from damage to Wernicke’s area?
Receptive aphasia, where speech remains fluent but comprehension is impaired.
What role does the basal ganglia play in movement?
The basal ganglia help regulate voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, and habit formation by modulating motor commands from the cortex.
What are the functions of cranial nerve 12?
The Hypoglossus signals all tongue muscles and helps with speaking clearly and moving food for swallowing.
Where is Broca's area located?
Frontal Lobe
Define efferent and afferent pathways.
Efferent = motor signals exit the CNS; Afferent = sensory signals arrive at the CNS.
What does the arcuate fasciculus connect?
Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas
What are the subcortical nuclei found in the basal ganglia?
The caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus, and subthalamic nucleus.
What cranial nerve is involved with facial expression and tone?
CN 7. Facial Nerve
What are the parts of the brain stem?
Midbrain, Pons and Medulla Oblongoda
What is the function of the corpus callosum?
A massive white matter tract that allows communication between the left and right hemispheres.
What is the role of the planum temporale?
Involved in processing speech sounds; often larger in the left hemisphere
What is the function of the hippocampus in memory formation?
Short-term memories into long-term memories and plays a key role in spatial navigation.