Neural Foundations
Reflexes and Protection
Communication and Swallowing
Steps of a Reflex Arc
Essential Features of a Synapse
100

What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

- Central Nervous System

- Peripheral Nervous System


100

What is the name of the structure that detects a stimulus and in response a simple reflex arc begins?

The sensory receptor.


100
Which is the love that houses the primary auditory cortex, and is important in hearing?

The temporal lobe.

100

This part of the reflex arc detects changes in the environment, such as heat or pressure

What is a receptor?

100

This structure stores and releases neurotransmitters like dopamine and is covered by the presynaptic membrane.

What is the terminal segment?

200
What is the basic cell that transmits signals within the nervous system?

A neuron.


200

The protective fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord is...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

200

Where is Broca's area located?

In the frontal lobe.

200

This type of neuron carries impulses from the receptor to the central nervous system.

What is an afferent neuron?

200

This narrow gap, filled with extracellular fluid, separates the pre- and postsynaptic membranes.

What is the synaptic cleft?

300
The autonomic nervous system is a part of which division of the nervous system?

The peripheral nervous system.

300
The motor fibers cross in the medulla, what is it called?

Pyramidal decussation

300
This lobe is responsible for somatosensory information such as touch and pressure.

The parietal lobe.

300

Found in the spinal cord, this neuron acts as a link between sensory and motor neurons.

What is a relay neuron?

300

These specialized proteins on the postsynaptic membrane bind to specific neurotransmitters like dopamine.

What are receptors?

400

What is the part of the neuron that sends signals away from the body of the cell.

The axon of the cell.


400
What does the Circle of Willis help with?

It helps maintain blood supply to the brain, despite a blocked artery.

400

If this lobe is damaged, it can cause difficulty in recognizing visual stimuli.

The occipital lobe.

400

This neuron carries the impulse from the CNS to muscles or glands to produce a response.

What is an efferent neuron?

400

This structure helps return excess neurotransmitters to the presynaptic neuron for reuse.

What is a reuptake transporter?

500
The gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another neuron is called the...

The synaptic cleft.

500

What are the two important behaviors for reflexes?

1. Protective behavior

2. Automatic behavior

500
What is the region inside the left temporal lobe that is important in understanding spoken/written language?

Wernicke's area

500

This is the initial event that triggers the reflex arc. It can be internal or external.

What is a stimulus?

500

This part of the neuron receives the signal and is shown in light salmon in the diagram.

What is the postsynaptic membrane?

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