The Cerebrum
The grooves on the surface of the cerebral cortex.
What are sulci?
The olfactory nerve (CN I), optic nerve (CN II), and vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) are all this type of nerve.
What is a sensory nerve?
These are responsible for making, storing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid.
What are lateral ventricles?
The first step of the reflex is the triggering event, whether an external or internal event is the cause of such triggering.
What is the stimulus?
Located within the cell body, this structure contains the neuron's genetic material (DNA).
What is the nucleus?
A massive bundle of fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres.
What is the corpus callosum?
This sensory cranial nerve consists of two components––one crucial for hearing and the other crucial for balance.
What is the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)?
These are vital for cushioning the brain, delivering nutrients and removing waste.
What are ventricles?
A specialized sensory cell converts the stimulus into an electrical signal upon detection.
What is the receptor?
This structure of the neuron integrates incoming signals and generates outgoing electrical impulses, also known as action potentials.
What is the soma (cell body)?
This lobe is responsible for processing and integrating sensory information (e.g. pain and pressure).
What is the parietal lobe?
The motor fibers of this mixed cranial nerve innervate the muscles of facial expressions while the sensory fibers innervate the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
What is the facial nerve (CN VII)?
These branches carry blood to the brain and head.
What are carotid arteries?
In a reflex arc, the signals sometimes bypass this organ as a way for the body to protect itself from danger.
What is the brain?
A slender projection that carries the electrical impulses away from the cell body and towards other neurons, muscles, or glands.
What is the axon?
Located in the anterior portion of the frontal lobe, this region is organized somatotopically and plans and executes voluntary movements.
What is the primary motor cortex?
As the sole cranial nerve to originate from the spinal cord, this motor cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the trapezius muscle.
What is the accessory nerve (CN XI)?
This branch is located centrally at the base of the brain and is significant in the protection of vital communication and swallowing areas from disastrous loss of blood flow.
What is Circle of Willis?
The signal arrives out of this destination to create a response.
What is a motor neuron?
The fatty, insulating layer that covers segments of the axon and speeds up the transmission of electrical signals.
What is the myelin sheath?
This major subcortical nucleus is the main relay for sensory information (except smell) and plays a role in regulating sleep, directing attention, and motor planning.
What is the thalamus?
This mixed cranial nerve is important for velopharyngeal function, phonation, and swallowing; if damaged, it can result in dysphonia or dysphagia.
What is the vagus nerve (CN X)?
The circulatory system is divided into these two sections.
What are anterior and posterior circulation?
The electrical signal is successfully received, and a response is produced.
What is the effector organ?
The small gaps between myelinated segments that allow electrical impulses to jump from node to node in saltatory conduction, increasing signal speed.